Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Front Immunol. 2021 Jan 29;11:626329. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.626329. eCollection 2020.
is a maternally transmitted bacterium that lives inside arthropod cells. Historically, it was viewed primarily as a parasite that manipulates host reproduction, but more recently it was discovered that can also protect species against infection by RNA viruses. Combined with s ability to invade insect populations due to reproductive manipulations, this provides a way to modify mosquito populations to prevent them transmitting viruses like dengue. In this review, we discuss the main advances in the field since antiviral effect was discovered 12 years ago, identifying current research gaps and potential future developments. We discuss that the antiviral effect works against a broad range of RNA viruses and depends on the lineage. We describe what is known about the mechanisms behind viral protection, and that recent studies suggest two possible mechanisms: activation of host immunity or competition with virus for cellular resources. We also discuss how association with may influence the evolution of virus defense on the insect host genome. Finally, we investigate whether the antiviral effect occurs in wild insect populations and its ecological relevance as a major antiviral component in insects.
是一种母系传播的细菌，存在于节肢动物细胞内。历史上，它主要被视为一种操纵宿主繁殖的寄生虫，但最近发现 也可以保护 免受 RNA 病毒的感染。结合其由于生殖操纵而入侵昆虫种群的能力，这为改变蚊子种群以防止它们传播登革热等病毒提供了一种方法。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了自 12 年前发现抗病毒作用以来该领域的主要进展，确定了当前的研究差距和潜在的未来发展。我们讨论了抗病毒作用对广泛的 RNA 病毒有效，并且取决于 谱系。我们描述了已知的病毒保护背后的机制，并且最近的研究表明了两种可能的机制：激活宿主免疫或与病毒竞争细胞资源。我们还讨论了 与昆虫宿主基因组中病毒防御的进化有何关联。最后，我们研究了抗病毒作用是否发生在野生昆虫种群中及其作为昆虫主要抗病毒成分的生态相关性。
