Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Neurochem Int. 2021 May;145:104987. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104987. Epub 2021 Feb 12.
Microglia, the resident macrophage cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are involved in a myriad of processes required to maintain CNS homeostasis. These cells are dynamic and can adapt their phenotype and functions to the physiological needs of the organism. Microglia rapidly respond to changes occurring in their microenvironment, such as the ones taking place during stress. While stress can be beneficial for the organism to adapt to a situation, it can become highly detrimental when it turns chronic. Microglial response to prolonged stress may lead to an alteration of their beneficial physiological functions, becoming either maladaptive or pro-inflammatory. In this review, we aim to summarize the effects of chronic stress exerted on microglia through the neuroendocrine system and inflammation at adulthood. We also discuss how these effects of chronic stress could contribute to microglial involvement in neuropsychiatric and sleep disorders, as well as neurodegenerative diseases.
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）的常驻巨噬细胞，参与维持 CNS 内环境稳定的多种过程。这些细胞是动态的，可以根据生物体的生理需求来调节其表型和功能。小胶质细胞可以迅速响应其微环境中发生的变化，例如在应激期间发生的变化。虽然应激对生物体适应某种情况可能是有益的，但当应激变为慢性时，它可能会变得非常有害。小胶质细胞对长期应激的反应可能导致其有益生理功能的改变，变得适应不良或促炎。在这篇综述中，我们旨在总结通过神经内分泌系统和成年期炎症对小胶质细胞施加的慢性应激的影响。我们还讨论了慢性应激的这些影响如何导致小胶质细胞参与神经精神和睡眠障碍以及神经退行性疾病。
