Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
BMC Pediatr. 2021 Feb 15;21(1):79. doi: 10.1186/s12887-021-02537-y.
Our aim was to investigate if moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), calcium intake interacts with bone mineral density (BMD)-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to influence BMD in 750 Hispanic children (4-19y) of the cross-sectional Viva La Familia Study.
Physical activity and dietary intake were measured by accelerometers and multiple-pass 24 h dietary recalls, respectively. Total body and lumbar spine BMD were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. A polygenic risk score (PRS) was computed based on SNPs identified in published literature. Regression analysis was conducted with PRSs, MVPA and calcium intake with total body and lumbar spine BMD.
We found evidence of statistically significant interaction effects between the PRS and MVPA on total body BMD and lumbar spine BMD (p < 0.05). Higher PRS was associated with a lower total body BMD (β = - 0.040 ± 0.009, p = 1.1 × 10) and lumbar spine BMD (β = - 0.042 ± 0.013, p = 0.0016) in low MVPA group, as compared to high MVPA group (β = - 0.015 ± 0.006, p = 0.02; β = 0.008 ± 0.01, p = 0.4, respectively).
The study indicated that calcium intake does not modify the relationship between genetic variants and BMD, while it implied physical activity interacts with genetic variants to affect BMD in Hispanic children. Due to limited sample size of our study, future research on gene by environment interaction on bone health and functional studies to provide biological insights are needed.
Bone health in Hispanic children with high genetic risk for low BMD is benefitted more by MVPA than children with low genetic risk. Our results may be useful to predict disease risk and tailor dietary and physical activity advice delivery to people, especially children.
我们的目的是研究中高强度体力活动（MVPA）和钙摄入量是否与骨密度（BMD）相关的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）相互作用，从而影响 750 名西班牙裔儿童（4-19 岁）的横断 Viva La Familia 研究中的 BMD。
通过加速度计测量体力活动和饮食摄入，通过多次 24 小时饮食回忆测量钙摄入量。通过双能 X 射线吸收法测量全身和腰椎 BMD。根据已发表文献中确定的 SNP 计算多基因风险评分（PRS）。使用 PRS、MVPA 和钙摄入量与全身和腰椎 BMD 进行回归分析。
我们发现 PRS 和 MVPA 之间存在与全身 BMD 和腰椎 BMD 有统计学显著交互作用的证据（p<0.05）。在低 MVPA 组中，较高的 PRS 与全身 BMD（β=-0.040±0.009，p=1.1×10）和腰椎 BMD（β=-0.042±0.013，p=0.0016）呈负相关，而在高 MVPA 组中，PRS 与全身 BMD（β=-0.015±0.006，p=0.02；β=0.008±0.01，p=0.4）呈负相关。
该研究表明，钙摄入量不会改变遗传变异与 BMD 之间的关系，而体力活动与遗传变异相互作用，影响西班牙裔儿童的 BMD。由于本研究样本量有限，需要进一步开展基因与环境相互作用对骨骼健康的研究和提供生物学见解的功能研究。
高遗传风险低 BMD 的西班牙裔儿童，通过 MVPA 获益大于低遗传风险的儿童。我们的结果可能有助于预测疾病风险，并为人们，特别是儿童提供量身定制的饮食和体力活动建议。
