Runyan Susan M, Stadler Diane D, Bainbridge Cynthia N, Miller Scott C, Moyer-Mileur Laurie J
S. M. Runyan is manager and nutritionist at Eielson AFB WIC Satellite, Resource Center for Parents and Children, Eielson AFB, AK, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2003 Oct;103(10):1320-5. doi: 10.1016/s0002-8223(03)01075-7.
To describe familial relationships among bone mineral density (BMD), calcium intake, and physical activity in early-adolescent daughters, their premenopausal mothers, and postmenopausal maternal grandmothers.
Healthy, early-adolescent daughter and premenopausal mother pairs (n=72) were enrolled in the study. In addition, a cohort of 22 postmenopausal maternal grandmothers were measured for comparison of related triads (n=22).
Cross-sectional measurements of hip (three sites) and lumbar spine BMD by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), body height and weight, menstrual function, current calcium intake, and current and past physical activity patterns were assessed using recalls and questionnaires.
Correlational analysis was used to establish relationships between bone characteristics and body size, menstrual function, calcium intake, and physical activity. Multiple regression analyses with backward elimination were used to examine heritability of bone characteristics in daughter-mother and mother-grandmother pairs and daughter-mother-grandmother triads. Quick cluster analysis and cross-tabulation with Pearson's chi(2) were used to evaluate familial patterns for bone characteristics and lifestyle practices.
Height, weight, and lumbar spine BMD were significantly correlated within mother-daughter pairs. Current and past calcium intakes were not related within pairs or triads or to BMD in the daughters or the grandmothers. A weak inverse relationship between calcium intake and the hip trochanter and lumbar spine BMD was observed in the mothers (R(2)=-0.25; P=.05). Physical activity, independent of calcium intake, was strong predictor of BMD for daughters and mothers. Among the daughters, the hertiability estimates for trochanter and lumbar spine BMD were 0.56 and 0.70, respectively (P<.01). The heritability estimate for premenopausal mothers were significant for lumbar spine BMD (h(2)=0.66; P<.01). Daughter-mother-grandmother triads with low physical activity had low femoral neck BMD whereas those with high physical activity had high femoral neck BMD (P<.001).
Making physical activity a part of the daily routine, in addition to an adequate intake of calcium and bone-related nutrients, is an important goal for maintaining or improving bone health for women of all ages.
描述青春期早期女儿、她们绝经前的母亲以及绝经后外祖母之间骨密度（BMD）、钙摄入量和身体活动之间的家族关系。
研究纳入了健康的青春期早期女儿和绝经前母亲对（n = 72）。此外，对22名绝经后外祖母进行了测量，以比较相关的三人组（n = 22）。
采用双能X线吸收法（DXA）对髋部（三个部位）和腰椎骨密度进行横断面测量，通过回忆和问卷调查评估身高、体重、月经功能、当前钙摄入量以及当前和过去的身体活动模式。
采用相关分析来确定骨特征与身体大小、月经功能、钙摄入量和身体活动之间的关系。使用向后逐步回归的多元回归分析来检验女儿 - 母亲对、母亲 - 外祖母对以及女儿 - 母亲 - 外祖母三人组中骨特征的遗传度。采用快速聚类分析和Pearson卡方交叉表来评估骨特征和生活方式的家族模式。
母女对中身高、体重和腰椎骨密度显著相关。当前和过去的钙摄入量在对子或三人组内以及与女儿或外祖母的骨密度均无关联。在母亲中观察到钙摄入量与髋部转子和腰椎骨密度之间存在微弱的负相关（R² = -0.25；P = 0.05）。身体活动独立于钙摄入量，是女儿和母亲骨密度的强预测指标。在女儿中，转子和腰椎骨密度的遗传度估计值分别为0.56和0.70（P < 0.01）。绝经前母亲腰椎骨密度的遗传度估计值显著（h² = 0.66；P < 0.01）。身体活动少的女儿 - 母亲 - 外祖母三人组股骨颈骨密度低，而身体活动多的三人组股骨颈骨密度高（P < 0.001）。
除了摄入足够的钙和与骨骼相关的营养素外，让身体活动成为日常生活的一部分，是所有年龄段女性维持或改善骨骼健康的重要目标。
