State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
Cell Cycle. 2021 Mar-Mar;20(5-6):465-479. doi: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1881726. Epub 2021 Feb 16.
In eukaryotic cells, changes in chromatin accessibility are necessary for chromatin to maintain its highly dynamic nature at different times during the cell cycle. Histone chaperones interact with histones and regulate chromatin dynamics. Facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) is an important histone chaperone that plays crucial roles during various cellular processes. Here, we analyze the structural characteristics of FACT, discuss how FACT regulates nucleosome/chromatin reorganization and summarize possible functions of FACT in transcription, replication, and DNA repair. The possible involvement of FACT in cell fate determination is also discussed. FACT: facilitates chromatin transcription, Spt16: suppressor of Ty16, SSRP1: structure-specific recognition protein-1, NTD: N-terminal domain, DD: dimerization domain, MD: middle domain, CTD: C-terminus domain, IDD: internal intrinsically disordered domain, HMG: high mobility group, CID: C-terminal intrinsically disordered domain, Nhp6: non-histone chromosomal protein 6, RNAPII: RNA polymerase II, CK2: casein kinase 2, AID: acidic inner disorder, PIC: pre-initiation complex, IR: ionizing radiation, DDSB: DNA double-strand break, PARlation: poly ADP-ribosylation, BER: base-excision repair, UVSSA: UV-stimulated scaffold protein A, HR: homologous recombination, CAF-1: chromatin assembly factor 1, Asf1: anti-silencing factor 1, Rtt106: regulator of Ty1 transposition protein 106, H3K56ac: H3K56 acetylation, KD: knock down, SETD2: SET domain containing 2, H3K36me3: trimethylation of lysine36 in histone H3, H2Bub: H2B ubiquitination, iPSCs: induced pluripotent stem cells, ESC: embryonic stem cell, H3K4me3: trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 protein subunit, CHD1: chromodomain protein.
在真核细胞中，染色质可及性的变化对于染色质在细胞周期的不同时间保持其高度动态特性是必要的。组蛋白伴侣与组蛋白相互作用并调节染色质动力学。促进染色质转录（FACT）是一种重要的组蛋白伴侣，在各种细胞过程中发挥着关键作用。在这里，我们分析了 FACT 的结构特征，讨论了 FACT 如何调节核小体/染色质重排，并总结了 FACT 在转录、复制和 DNA 修复中的可能功能。还讨论了 FACT 可能参与细胞命运决定。FACT：促进染色质转录，Spt16：Ty16 抑制物，SSRP1：结构特异性识别蛋白-1，NTD：N 端结构域，DD：二聚化结构域，MD：中间结构域，CTD：C 端结构域，IDD：内部固有无序结构域，HMG：高迁移率族，CID：C 端固有无序结构域，Nhp6：非组蛋白染色体蛋白 6，RNAPII：RNA 聚合酶 II，CK2：酪蛋白激酶 2，AID：酸性内部无序，PIC：起始前复合物，IR：电离辐射，DDSB：DNA 双链断裂，PARlation：聚 ADP-核糖基化，BER：碱基切除修复，UVSSA：紫外线刺激支架蛋白 A，HR：同源重组，CAF-1：染色质组装因子 1，Asf1：抗沉默因子 1，Rtt106：Ty1 转座蛋白 106 调节剂，H3K56ac：H3K56 乙酰化，KD：敲低，SETD2：SET 结构域包含 2，H3K36me3：组蛋白 H3 赖氨酸 36 三甲基化，H2Bub：H2B 泛素化，iPSCs：诱导多能干细胞，ESC：胚胎干细胞，H3K4me3：组蛋白 H3 蛋白亚基赖氨酸 4 三甲基化，CHD1：染色质域蛋白。
