Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Cairns and Hinterland Hospital and Health Service, QLD, Australia.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
J Psychiatr Res. 2021 Apr;136:149-156. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.055. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
Social media use (SMU) is an inherent element in the daily life and neurodevelopment of adolescents, but broad concerns exist regarding the untoward effects of social media on adolescents. We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study that sought to examine the acute effects of SMU on clinical measures and biomarkers of stress in healthy and depressed adolescents. After at least 24 h of abstinence from social media, depressed adolescents (n = 30) and healthy control adolescents (n = 30) underwent baseline clinical assessment of their prior SMU, depressive symptom severity, self-esteem, and exposure to bullying. Participants provided salivary samples that were analyzed for α-amylase and cortisol levels. After 20 min of unsupervised SMU, saliva analyses and clinical assessments were repeated. After 20 min of SMU, salivary cortisol and α-amylase levels were significantly higher in adolescents with depression but not in healthy control adolescents. Furthermore, small but statistically significant changes in depressive symptom severity occurred in all participants. These changes in depressive symptoms were not clinically meaningful. SMU did not significantly change self-esteem measures among participants. Adolescents with depression appeared to have more physiological reactivity after SMU compared with healthy adolescents. Further research should characterize SMU as a clinical dimension and risk factor among adolescents with depression and other psychiatric disorders.
社交媒体使用（SMU）是青少年日常生活和神经发育的固有组成部分，但人们广泛关注社交媒体对青少年的不良影响。我们进行了一项前瞻性、横断面研究，旨在研究 SMU 对健康和抑郁青少年应激的临床指标和生物标志物的急性影响。在至少 24 小时不使用社交媒体后，抑郁青少年（n=30）和健康对照组青少年（n=30）接受了他们之前的 SMU、抑郁症状严重程度、自尊和遭受欺凌的基线临床评估。参与者提供唾液样本，分析α-淀粉酶和皮质醇水平。在 20 分钟的无人监督的 SMU 后，重复唾液分析和临床评估。在 20 分钟的 SMU 后，抑郁青少年的唾液皮质醇和α-淀粉酶水平明显升高，但健康对照组青少年则没有。此外，所有参与者的抑郁症状严重程度都出现了微小但具有统计学意义的变化。这些抑郁症状的变化没有临床意义。SMU 并没有显著改变参与者的自尊测量值。与健康青少年相比，抑郁青少年在 SMU 后似乎表现出更高的生理反应性。进一步的研究应该将 SMU 作为抑郁和其他精神障碍青少年的临床维度和风险因素进行研究。
