School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Health Centre Les Corts, Consorci d'Atenció Primària de Salut de Barcelona Esquerra de l'Eixample (CAPSBE), Barcelona, Spain.
J Adv Nurs. 2021 Jun;77(6):2662-2679. doi: 10.1111/jan.14768. Epub 2021 Feb 16.
To identify and critically appraise the available evidence on paediatric nurses' clinical competencies performed autonomously regarding disease prevention and health promotion activities for children and adolescents in primary healthcare worldwide.
A systematic review design in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.
The search was conducted through MEDLINE (PubMed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SCOPUS, The Cochrane Library, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Web of Science and The Joanna Briggs Institute EBP (Ovid) databases. The grey literature was reviewed at OpenGrey. Additional studies were located through a references list of selected studies identified on first search.
Database search employed MeSH terms: (paediatric nursing) AND (primary healthcare) AND ((clinical skills) OR (clinical competences)). Studies published from inception to October 2019 exploring paediatric nurses' clinical competencies in primary healthcare were eligible for inclusion. No language restrictions were applied in the main search. Selection was made by two reviewers independently. Three independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality of included studies.
Eighteen studies were included from six countries. The most common nursing competencies independently performed identified and described in studies were Health education and advice, Child and adolescent health and development assessment, Immunizations and Child health checks.
Studies describe clinical competencies of nurses in children care. No consistent scientific evidence is available about clinical competencies of paediatric nurses performed autonomously in primary care.
Few scientific studies identifying and assessing nurses' child primary healthcare skills were found and therefore recorded. Studies describe nurses' clinical skills in childhood, but results do not show firm consistency assessing their practice scope. Health policy-makers should encourage the development of nurses' competencies if they wish to preserve quality and equity of healthcare services to children. Therefore, the first step is to identify the autonomous competencies of paediatric nurses in primary care.
确定并批判性评价全球范围内初级保健中儿科护士针对儿童和青少年疾病预防和健康促进活动独立开展的临床能力的现有证据。
根据首选报告项目系统评价和荟萃分析声明进行系统评价设计。
通过 MEDLINE（PubMed）、护理学和联合健康文献累积索引、SCOPUS、考科兰图书馆、科学电子图书馆在线、Web of Science 和 Joanna Briggs 研究所循证实践（Ovid）数据库进行搜索。在 OpenGrey 审查灰色文献。通过首次搜索确定的选定研究的参考文献列表找到其他研究。
数据库搜索采用 MeSH 术语：（儿科护理）和（初级保健）和（（临床技能）或（临床能力））。从开始到 2019 年 10 月，探索初级保健中儿科护士临床能力的研究均符合纳入标准。主要搜索未对语言进行限制。由两名独立审查员进行选择。三名独立的审查员评估了纳入研究的方法学质量。
从六个国家纳入了 18 项研究。研究中独立识别和描述的最常见的护理能力是健康教育和咨询、儿童和青少年健康和发育评估、免疫接种和儿童健康检查。
研究描述了护士在儿童护理中的临床能力。没有关于初级保健中儿科护士独立开展的临床能力的一致科学证据。
发现并记录了为数不多的确定和评估护士儿童初级保健技能的科学研究。研究描述了护士在儿童时期的临床技能，但结果并未显示评估其实践范围的一致性。卫生政策制定者如果希望保持儿童保健服务的质量和公平性，应鼓励护士能力的发展。因此，第一步是确定初级保健中儿科护士的自主能力。
