Banking and Finance, University of Trier, Trier, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Behavioral Finance, WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management, Vallendar, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
PLoS One. 2021 Feb 17;16(2):e0245692. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245692. eCollection 2021.
Time preferences are central to human decision making; therefore, a thorough understanding of their international differences is highly relevant. Previous measurements, however, vary widely in their methodology, from questions answered on the Likert scale to lottery-type questions. We show that these different measurements correlate to a large degree and that they have a common factor that can predict a broad spectrum of variables: the countries' credit ratings, gasoline prices (as a proxy for environmental protection), equity risk premiums, and average years of school attendance. The resulting data on this time preference factor for N = 117 countries and regions will be highly useful for further research. Our aggregation method is applicable to merge cross-cultural studies that measure the same latent construct with different methodologies.
时间偏好是人类决策的核心；因此，深入了解其国际差异具有重要意义。然而，之前的测量方法在方法上差异很大，从李克特量表上回答的问题到彩票式问题都有。我们表明，这些不同的测量方法在很大程度上是相关的，并且它们有一个共同的因素，可以预测广泛的变量：国家的信用评级、汽油价格（作为环境保护的代理指标）、股本风险溢价和平均受教育年限。对于 N = 117 个国家和地区的这个时间偏好因素的相关数据将对进一步的研究非常有用。我们的聚合方法适用于合并使用不同方法测量相同潜在结构的跨文化研究。
