Bergonzini Marcello, Loreni Francesco, Lio Antonio, Russo Marco, Saitto Guglielmo, Cammardella Antonio, Irace Francesco, Tramontin Corrado, Chello Massimo, Lusini Mario, Nenna Antonio, Ferrisi Chiara, Ranocchi Federico, Musumeci Francesco
Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy.
Cardiac Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy.
Biomedicines. 2023 Oct 23;11(10):2864. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11102864.
Epigenetic modifications play a fundamental role in the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). This panoramic review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in CAD pathogenesis and highlights the potential implications for personalized medicine approaches. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes that do not influence alterations in the DNA sequence of the genome. It has been shown that epigenetic processes, including DNA/histone methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation, play an important role. Additionally, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs are also involved in epigenetics, regulating gene expression patterns in response to various environmental factors and lifestyle choices. In the context of CAD, epigenetic alterations contribute to the dysregulation of genes involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and vascular function. These epigenetic changes can occur during early developmental stages and persist throughout life, predisposing individuals to an increased risk of CAD. Furthermore, in recent years, the concept of personalized medicine has gained significant attention. Personalized medicine aims to tailor medical interventions based on an individual's unique genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In the context of CAD, understanding the interplay between genetic variants and epigenetic modifications holds promise for the development of more precise diagnostic tools, risk stratification models, and targeted therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms in CAD and discusses the fundamental principles of personalized medicine.
表观遗传修饰在冠状动脉疾病（CAD）的进展中起着至关重要的作用。这篇综述旨在概述目前对CAD发病机制中涉及的表观遗传机制的理解，并强调其对个性化医疗方法的潜在影响。表观遗传学是对不影响基因组DNA序列改变的可遗传变化的研究。研究表明，包括DNA/组蛋白甲基化、乙酰化和磷酸化在内的表观遗传过程发挥着重要作用。此外，微小RNA（miRNA）、长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）和环状RNA（circRNA）也参与表观遗传学，响应各种环境因素和生活方式选择来调节基因表达模式。在CAD的背景下，表观遗传改变导致参与炎症、氧化应激、脂质代谢和血管功能的基因失调。这些表观遗传变化可发生在早期发育阶段，并持续一生，使个体患CAD的风险增加。此外，近年来，个性化医疗的概念受到了广泛关注。个性化医疗旨在根据个体独特的遗传、表观遗传、环境和生活方式因素来定制医疗干预措施。在CAD的背景下，了解基因变异与表观遗传修饰之间的相互作用有望开发出更精确的诊断工具、风险分层模型和靶向治疗方法。这篇综述总结了目前关于CAD表观遗传机制的知识，并讨论了个性化医疗的基本原则。
