School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
Indoor Air. 2021 Sep;31(5):1614-1624. doi: 10.1111/ina.12804. Epub 2021 Feb 18.
Currently, the thermal environment in airplane cockpits is unsatisfactory and pilots often complain about a strong draft sensation in the cockpit. It is caused by the unreasonable air supply diffusers design. One of the best approaches to design a better cockpit environment is the adjoint method. The method can simultaneously and efficiently identify the number, size, location, and shape of air supply inlets, and the air supply parameters. However, the real air diffuser needed to design often have grilles, especially in the airplane cockpit, and the current method can only design the inlet as an opening. This study combined the adjoint method with the momentum method to directly identify the optimal air supply diffusers with grilles to create optimal thermal environment in an airplane cockpit (1) under ideal conditions and (2) with realistic constraints. Under the ideal conditions, the resulting design provides an optimal thermal environment for the cockpit, but it might not be feasible in practice. The design with realistic constraints provides acceptable thermal comfort in the cockpit, but it is not optimal. Thus, there is an engineering trade-off between design feasibility and optimization. All in all, the adjoint method with the momentum method can be effectively used to identify real air supply diffusers.
目前，飞机驾驶舱内的热环境并不令人满意，飞行员经常抱怨驾驶舱内有强烈的气流感。这是由于不合理的空气供应扩散器设计造成的。设计更好的驾驶舱环境的最佳方法之一是伴随方法。该方法可以同时有效地识别空气供应入口的数量、大小、位置和形状，以及空气供应参数。然而，实际需要设计的空气扩散器通常有格栅，特别是在飞机驾驶舱内，而目前的方法只能将入口设计为开口。本研究将伴随方法与动量方法相结合，直接识别带有格栅的最佳空气供应扩散器，以在飞机驾驶舱内创造最佳热环境(1)在理想条件下和(2)在现实约束下。在理想条件下，所得到的设计为驾驶舱提供了最佳的热环境，但在实际中可能不可行。具有现实约束的设计为驾驶舱提供了可接受的热舒适性，但不是最佳的。因此，设计的可行性和优化之间存在工程权衡。总之，伴随方法与动量方法可以有效地用于识别实际的空气供应扩散器。
