Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021 Dec;60(12):1464-1466. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.02.002. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
In child and adolescent psychiatry, irritability is listed as a cardinal or associated symptom in nearly every emotional, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorder in the DSM-5. Despite the omnipresence of irritability in distinct psychiatric disorders, its manifestation is highly heterogeneous, across and within individuals. Part of that heterogeneity has to do with its temporal dynamics. Specifically, irritability has been conceptualized as having 2 components, termed phasic and tonic irritability. Phasic irritability has been defined as relatively short-lived temper outbursts of intense anger that can be accompanied by verbal or physical aggression, whereas tonic irritability has been defined as persistently angry or grumpy mood. Despite this conceptual distinction, it is still unclear whether phasic and tonic irritability might differ in their clinical correlates, underlying mechanisms, longitudinal course, and/or treatment response.
在儿童和青少年精神病学中，易激惹被列为 DSM-5 中几乎每种情绪、行为和神经发育障碍的主要或相关症状。尽管易激惹普遍存在于不同的精神障碍中，但它在个体之间和个体内部的表现高度异质。这种异质性的一部分与它的时间动态有关。具体来说，易激惹被概念化为具有两个组成部分，称为阵发性和持续性易激惹。阵发性易激惹被定义为相对短暂的强烈愤怒的情绪爆发，可能伴有言语或身体攻击，而持续性易激惹被定义为持续的愤怒或脾气暴躁的情绪。尽管有这种概念上的区别，但仍不清楚阵发性和持续性易激惹在其临床相关性、潜在机制、纵向病程和/或治疗反应方面是否存在差异。
