Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States.
ASN Neuro. 2021 Jan-Dec;13:1759091420981206. doi: 10.1177/1759091420981206.
Expression of the GFAP gene has attracted considerable attention because its onset is a marker for astrocyte development, its upregulation is a marker for reactive gliosis, and its predominance in astrocytes provides a tool for their genetic manipulation. The literature on GFAP regulation is voluminous, as almost any perturbation of development or homeostasis in the CNS will lead to changes in its expression. In this review, we limit our discussion to mechanisms proposed to regulate GFAP synthesis through a direct interaction with its gene or mRNA. Strengths and weaknesses of the supportive experimental findings are described, and suggestions made for additional studies. This review covers 15 transcription factors, DNA and histone methylation, and microRNAs. The complexity involved in regulating the expression of this intermediate filament protein suggests that GFAP function may vary among both astrocyte subtypes and other GFAP-expressing cells, as well as during development and in response to perturbations.
GFAP 基因的表达引起了相当大的关注，因为它的出现是星形胶质细胞发育的标志，其上调是反应性神经胶质增生的标志，而其在星形胶质细胞中的优势为它们的遗传操作提供了工具。关于 GFAP 调节的文献很多，因为中枢神经系统中几乎任何发育或内稳态的干扰都会导致其表达的变化。在本综述中，我们将讨论限制在通过与基因或 mRNA 的直接相互作用来调节 GFAP 合成的机制。描述了支持性实验发现的优缺点，并提出了进一步研究的建议。本综述涵盖了 15 种转录因子、DNA 和组蛋白甲基化以及 microRNAs。调节这种中间丝蛋白表达的复杂性表明，GFAP 功能可能在星形胶质细胞亚型和其他表达 GFAP 的细胞之间以及在发育过程中和对干扰的反应中有所不同。
