Li Ling, Cui Xuewei, Zhu Baoli, Zhou Lele, Guo Yaya, Liu Tianjing, Shi Yongyan
Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
Department of Neonatology, Tacheng Hospital of China Medical University, Tacheng, 834300, China.
Mol Med. 2025 Aug 13;31(1):277. doi: 10.1186/s10020-025-01328-w.
Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), play critical roles in blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance, synaptogenesis, neurotransmission, and metabolic regulation. In response to perinatal brain injury, astrocytes release inflammatory mediators that drive neuroinflammation, disrupting normal brain development. Key signaling pathways, including Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Notch, and glutamate transporter signaling, are activated during this process, contributing to astrocyte dysfunction and neuronal damage. Astrocytes also engage in dynamic crosstalk with microglia, oligodendrocytes, and neurons, further influencing the injury response. Biomarkers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and calcium-binding protein (S100β) highlight astrocyte activation and its role in pathology. By targeting these signaling pathways and glial interactions, novel therapeutic strategies can be developed to mitigate neurodevelopmental and perinatal brain injuries associated with astrocyte dysfunction.
星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）中数量最多的神经胶质细胞，在血脑屏障（BBB）维持、突触形成、神经传递和代谢调节中发挥关键作用。在围产期脑损伤的情况下，星形胶质细胞会释放驱动神经炎症的炎症介质，破坏正常的脑发育。在此过程中，包括Janus激酶/信号转导子和转录激活子（JAK/STAT）、核因子κB（NF-κB）、Notch和谷氨酸转运体信号传导在内的关键信号通路被激活，导致星形胶质细胞功能障碍和神经元损伤。星形胶质细胞还与小胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和神经元进行动态串扰，进一步影响损伤反应。诸如胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）和钙结合蛋白（S100β）等生物标志物突出了星形胶质细胞的激活及其在病理中的作用。通过靶向这些信号通路，可开发新的治疗策略，以减轻与星形胶质细胞功能障碍相关的神经发育和围产期脑损伤。
