Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, Lake Success, New York, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2021 Apr 1;33(2):252-259. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001005.
With rising rates of chronic noninfectious diseases across the United States thought to be associated with the average American diet, many have adopted alternative diets. Most of these diets promise weight reduction via adherence to strict dietary guidelines, often removing certain types of food. With access to a plethora of information online, it is easy for adolescents to become confused when making dietary decisions. Although these diets promise benefits, it is important to understand common shortcomings and how to overcome them for safe implementation among adolescents.
This review discusses the theory, implementation, and risks associated with intermittent fasting as well as vegetarian, vegan, ketogenic, Atkins, Paleolithic, and Mediterranean diets. These considerations are further modified for pediatric populations with a focus on the social influences on dieting.
Although these diets may be promising, successful adherence to them requires addressing possible shortcomings associated with a certain diet. Pediatricians should be aware of how these dietary strategies may be properly implemented in order to prevent any harm to the patient. Empowering the patient and their families through informational resources is recommended. Pediatricians should also discuss motivations underlying their patient's dietary changes in order to determine whether these motivations are healthy.
目的综述：由于美国慢性非传染性疾病的发病率不断上升，人们认为这与美国人的平均饮食有关，因此许多人采用了替代饮食。这些饮食中的大多数都通过坚持严格的饮食指南来承诺减轻体重，通常会去除某些类型的食物。由于可以在线获取大量信息，青少年在做出饮食决策时很容易感到困惑。尽管这些饮食承诺有好处，但了解常见的缺点以及如何克服这些缺点以确保青少年安全实施是很重要的。
最近发现：本综述讨论了间歇性禁食以及素食、纯素、生酮、阿特金斯、旧石器和地中海饮食的理论、实施和风险。这些考虑因素进一步针对儿科人群进行了修改，重点讨论了饮食对社交的影响。
总结：虽然这些饮食可能很有前景，但要成功坚持这些饮食，就需要解决与某种饮食相关的可能缺点。儿科医生应该了解如何正确实施这些饮食策略，以防止对患者造成任何伤害。建议通过信息资源为患者及其家属提供支持。儿科医生还应讨论患者饮食变化背后的动机，以确定这些动机是否健康。
