Moore Wendy J, McGrievy Michael E, Turner-McGrievy Gabrielle M
University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Discovery I, 915 Greene Street, Room 535, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
University of Akron, Department of Statistics, 302 East Buchtel Avenue, Akron, OH 44325, United States.
Eat Behav. 2015 Dec;19:33-8. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.06.011. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
The goal of the present study was to examine dietary adherence and acceptability among participants from the New DIETs study who were randomized to one of four plant-based diets (vegan, vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian) or an omnivore diet. Primary outcomes at two- and six months included dietary adherence (24-hour dietary recalls), weight loss and changes in animal product intake (mg cholesterol) by adherence status, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), Power of Food Scale (PFS), dietary acceptability (Food Acceptability Questionnaire), and impact of diet preference on adherence. No differences were found in dietary adherence or changes in FAQ, TFEQ, or PFS among the groups. At six months, non-adherent vegan and vegetarian participants (n=16) had a significantly greater decrease in cholesterol intake (-190.2 ± 199.2 mg) than non-adherent pesco-vegetarian/semi-vegetarian (n=15, -2.3 ± 200.3 mg, P=0.02) or omnivore participants (n=7, 17.0 ± 36.0, P=0.04). Non-adherent vegan/vegetarian participants lost significantly more weight at six months (-6.0 ± 6.7%) than non-adherent omnivore participants (-0.4 ± 0.6%, P=0.04). Dietary preference had no impact on adherence at six months. Due to equal rates of adherence and acceptability among the diet groups, instructing participants to follow vegan or vegetarian diets may have a greater impact on weight loss and animal product intake than providing instruction in more moderate approaches even among non-adherent participants.
本研究的目的是调查新饮食研究中被随机分配到四种植物性饮食（纯素食、素食、鱼素、半素食）或杂食性饮食之一的参与者的饮食依从性和可接受性。两个月和六个月时的主要结局包括饮食依从性（24小时饮食回忆）、体重减轻以及按依从状态划分的动物产品摄入量变化（毫克胆固醇）、三因素饮食问卷（TFEQ）、食物力量量表（PFS）、饮食可接受性（食物可接受性问卷）以及饮食偏好对依从性的影响。各组之间在饮食依从性或FAQ、TFEQ或PFS的变化方面未发现差异。在六个月时，未坚持纯素食和素食的参与者（n = 16）的胆固醇摄入量下降幅度（-190.2 ± 199.2毫克）显著大于未坚持鱼素/半素食的参与者（n = 15，-2.3 ± 200.3毫克，P = 0.02）或杂食性参与者（n = 7，17.0 ± 36.0，P = 0.04）。未坚持纯素食/素食的参与者在六个月时体重减轻幅度（-6.0 ± 6.7%）显著大于未坚持杂食性饮食的参与者（-0.4 ± 0.6%，P = 0.04）。饮食偏好在六个月时对依从性没有影响。由于各饮食组的依从性和可接受性比率相同，因此指导参与者遵循纯素食或素食饮食可能比以更温和的方式提供指导对体重减轻和动物产品摄入量有更大影响，即使在未坚持的参与者中也是如此。
