Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P., Mexico City, Mexico.
Viral Immunol. 2021 Apr;34(3):165-173. doi: 10.1089/vim.2020.0174. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
The current pandemic is caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is, in turn, induced by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that triggers an acute respiratory disease. In recent years, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 is the third highly pathogenic event and large-scale epidemic affecting the human population. It follows the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012. This novel SARS-CoV-2 employs the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, like SARS-CoV, and spreads principally in the respiratory tract. The viral spike (S) protein of coronaviruses facilities the attachment to the cellular receptor, entrance, and membrane fusion. The S protein is a glycoprotein and is critical to elicit an immune response. Glycosylation is a biologically significant post-translational modification in virus surface proteins. These glycans play important roles in the viral life cycle, structure, immune evasion, and cell infection. However, it is necessary to search for new information about viral behavior and immunological host's response after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present review discusses the implications of the CoV-2 S protein glycosylation in the SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 interaction and the immunological response. Elucidation of the glycan repertoire on the spike protein can propel research for the development of an appropriate vaccine.
当前的大流行是由 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）引起的，而 COVID-19 又是由一种新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）引发的急性呼吸道疾病。近年来，SARS-CoV-2 的出现是继 2003 年严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）和 2012 年中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）之后，对人类群体影响第三大的高致病性事件和大规模疫情。这种新型的 SARS-CoV-2 像 SARS-CoV 一样，使用血管紧张素转换酶 2（ACE2）受体，主要在呼吸道传播。冠状病毒的病毒刺突（S）蛋白有助于与细胞受体结合、进入和膜融合。S 蛋白是一种糖蛋白，对引发免疫反应至关重要。糖基化是病毒表面蛋白中一种具有生物学意义的翻译后修饰。这些聚糖在病毒生命周期、结构、免疫逃逸和细胞感染中发挥重要作用。然而，有必要搜索关于 SARS-CoV-2 感染后病毒行为和宿主免疫反应的新信息。本文综述了 SARS-CoV-2 S 蛋白糖基化在 SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 相互作用和免疫反应中的意义。阐明刺突蛋白上的聚糖组可以推动研究开发合适的疫苗。
