Medical Information Technology (MedIT), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
Biomedical Engineering, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2021 Jul 13;76(8):1376-1381. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glab049.
In master athletics research, cross-sectional data are easier to obtain than longitudinal data. While cross-sectional data give the age-related performance decline for a population, longitudinal data show individual trajectories. It is not known whether athletes who repeatedly compete have (a) a better performance and (b) a slower age-related decline in performance than that obtained from cross-sectional data from athletes competing only once. To investigate this, we analyzed 33 254 results of 14 118 male athletes from 8 disciplines in the database of "Swedish Veteran Athletics." For each discipline and for the pooled data of all disciplines, quadratic models of the evolution of performance over time were analyzed by ANCOVA/ANOCOVA using MATLAB. The performance was higher in athletes with 2 or more data points compared to those with only n = 1 (p < .001), with further increases in performance with an increasing number of data points per athlete. The estimated performance decline was lower in people with 2 or more results (sprint, 10 km, jumps; p < .001). In conclusion, we showed that longitudinal data are associated with higher performance and lower performance decline rates.
在大师级运动员的研究中，横断面数据比纵向数据更容易获得。虽然横断面数据给出了人群的与年龄相关的表现下降，但纵向数据显示了个体的轨迹。目前还不清楚重复参赛的运动员是否（a）表现更好，（b）与仅参加一次比赛的运动员的横断面数据相比，表现下降的速度更慢。为了研究这个问题，我们分析了“瑞典老年田径”数据库中 8 个项目的 14118 名男性运动员的 33254 项成绩。对于每个项目和所有项目的汇总数据，我们使用 MATLAB 通过协方差分析/协方差分析对随时间推移的表现演变的二次模型进行了分析。与只有 n=1 的运动员相比，有 2 个或更多数据点的运动员的表现更高（p<0.001），而且随着每个运动员的数据点数量的增加，表现进一步提高。有 2 个或更多结果的人的表现下降估计值较低（短跑、10 公里、跳跃；p<0.001）。总之，我们表明，纵向数据与更高的表现和更低的表现下降率相关。
