Hansen Niels Chr, Reymore Lindsey
Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University & Royal Academy of Music Aarhus-Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark.
PLoS One. 2021 Feb 19;16(2):e0247136. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247136. eCollection 2021.
The study of musical expertise illustrates how intense training in a specialized domain may instigate development of implicit skills. While absolute pitch, or the ability to identify musical pitches without external reference, is rare even in professional musicians and is understood to have a genetic component, anecdotal evidence and pilot data suggest that some musicians without traditional absolute pitch are nonetheless better able to name notes played on their musical instrument of expertise than notes played on less familiar instruments. We have previously termed this particular gain in absolute pitch identification ability "instrument-specific absolute pitch" (ISAP) and have proposed that this skill is related to learned instrument type-specific timbral and intonational idiosyncrasies and articulatory motor planning activated by the timbre of the instrument. In this Registered Report Protocol, we describe two experiments designed to investigate ISAP in professional oboists. Experiment 1 tests for ISAP ability by comparing oboists' pitch identification accuracies for notes played on the oboe and on the piano. A subset of the participants from Experiment 1 who demonstrate this ability will be recruited for Experiment 2; the purpose of Experiment 2 is to test hypotheses concerning a mechanistic explanation for ISAP. The outcome of these experiments may provide support for the theory that some individuals have ISAP and that the underlying mechanisms of this ability may rely on the perception of subtle timbral/intonational idiosyncrasies and on articulatory motor planning developed through intensive long-term training. In general, this work will contribute to the understanding of specialized expertise, specifically of implicit abilities and biases that are not addressed directly in training, but that may yet develop through practice of a related skill set.
对音乐专长的研究表明，在特定领域的高强度训练可能会促使隐性技能的发展。虽然绝对音高，即无需外部参照就能识别音高的能力，即使在专业音乐家中也很罕见，并且被认为有遗传因素，但轶事证据和初步数据表明，一些没有传统绝对音高的音乐家，在识别其擅长的乐器上弹奏的音符时，比识别在不太熟悉的乐器上弹奏的音符时表现得更好。我们之前将这种在绝对音高识别能力上的特殊提升称为“特定乐器绝对音高”（ISAP），并提出这种技能与所学乐器特定的音色和音准特性以及由乐器音色激活的发音运动规划有关。在这份注册报告方案中，我们描述了两项旨在研究专业双簧管演奏者的特定乐器绝对音高的实验。实验1通过比较双簧管演奏者对在双簧管和钢琴上弹奏的音符的音高识别准确率来测试特定乐器绝对音高能力。将从实验1中表现出这种能力的参与者中招募一部分参加实验2；实验2的目的是测试关于特定乐器绝对音高的机制解释的假设。这些实验的结果可能会为以下理论提供支持：一些人具有特定乐器绝对音高，并且这种能力的潜在机制可能依赖于对微妙音色/音准特性的感知以及通过长期强化训练发展出的发音运动规划。总体而言，这项工作将有助于理解专业专长，特别是那些在训练中未直接涉及，但可能通过相关技能集的练习而发展出来的隐性能力和偏差。
