Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
J Exp Bot. 2021 May 18;72(11):4132-4143. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab073.
Transposable elements (TEs) are major contributors to genome complexity in eukaryotes. TE mobilization may cause genome instability, although it can also drive genome diversity throughout evolution. TE transposition may influence the transcriptional activity of neighboring genes by modulating the epigenomic profile of the region or by altering the relative position of regulatory elements. Notably, TEs have emerged in the last few years as an important source of functional long and small non-coding RNAs. A plethora of small RNAs derived from TEs have been linked to the trans regulation of gene activity at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Furthermore, TE-derived long non-coding RNAs have been shown to modulate gene expression by interacting with protein partners, sequestering active small RNAs, and forming duplexes with DNA or other RNA molecules. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the functional and mechanistic paradigms of TE-derived long and small non-coding RNAs and discuss their role in plant development and evolution.
转座元件 (TEs) 是真核生物基因组复杂性的主要贡献者。TE 的移动可能导致基因组不稳定，但它也可以通过在进化过程中驱动基因组多样性来驱动。TE 转座可能通过调节区域的表观基因组特征或通过改变调控元件的相对位置来影响邻近基因的转录活性。值得注意的是，TEs 在过去几年中已成为功能长和小非编码 RNA 的重要来源。大量源自 TEs 的小 RNA 已被证明与基因转录和转录后水平的活性的转录调控有关。此外，TE 衍生的长非编码 RNA 已被证明通过与蛋白质伴侣相互作用、隔离活性小 RNA 以及与 DNA 或其他 RNA 分子形成双链来调节基因表达。在这篇综述中，我们总结了我们目前对 TE 衍生的长和小非编码 RNA 的功能和机制范例的了解，并讨论了它们在植物发育和进化中的作用。
