Hoke Morgan K, Boen Courtney E
Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Sociology, Population Aging Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2021 Mar;273:113742. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113742. Epub 2021 Feb 4.
Eviction represents an urgent social and economic issue in the United States, with nearly two million evictions occurring annually in the U.S. Still, the population health impacts of evictions, as well as the pathways linking eviction to health, are not well documented or understood, particularly among young adults. Using nationally-representative, longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1994-2008) (n = 9029), the present study uses a combination of analytic methods-including prospective lagged dependent variable regression models, inverse probabilities of treatment weighting, longitudinal first difference models, causal mediation techniques-to comprehensively assess whether and how evictions relate to depressive risk and self-rated health across early adulthood, paying particular attention to the stress-related pathways linking eviction and health. Results provide robust evidence of positive longitudinal associations between eviction and depressive risk, in particular. In the prospective regression models, young adults who experienced recent eviction had more depressive symptoms and worse self-rated health than those who were not evicted, net a host of background characteristics. Using treatment weighting techniques, results showed that young adults who experienced eviction had more depressive symptoms than those who were not evicted (5.921 vs. 4.998 depressive symptoms, p = 0.003). Perceived social stress mediated nearly 18 percent of the associations between eviction and the depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). In the first difference models, young people who experienced eviction between survey waves experienced greater increases in depressive symptoms over time compared to those who were not evicted, net of changes in other indicators of socioeconomic status and residential instability. Taken together, our results suggest that the recent surges in evictions in the U.S. serve as a potent threat to population health during the emerging adult period, with especially devastating consequences for low-income individuals and communities of color.
在美国，驱逐是一个紧迫的社会和经济问题，美国每年发生近200万起驱逐事件。然而，驱逐对人口健康的影响以及驱逐与健康之间的关联路径，并未得到充分记录或理解，尤其是在年轻人中。本研究利用来自青少年到成人健康全国纵向研究（1994 - 2008年）的具有全国代表性的纵向数据（n = 9029），采用多种分析方法——包括前瞻性滞后因变量回归模型、处理加权的逆概率、纵向一阶差分模型、因果中介技术——来全面评估驱逐是否以及如何与成年早期的抑郁风险和自评健康相关，特别关注将驱逐与健康联系起来的压力相关路径。结果尤其提供了有力证据，证明驱逐与抑郁风险之间存在正向纵向关联。在前瞻性回归模型中，经历近期驱逐的年轻人比未被驱逐的年轻人有更多抑郁症状且自评健康更差，排除了一系列背景特征的影响。使用处理加权技术，结果显示经历驱逐的年轻人比未被驱逐的年轻人有更多抑郁症状（5.921对4.998个抑郁症状，p = 0.003）。感知到的社会压力介导了驱逐与抑郁症状之间近18%的关联（p < 0.001）。在一阶差分模型中，与未被驱逐的人相比，如果在调查波次之间经历驱逐的年轻人，在扣除社会经济地位和居住不稳定的其他指标变化后随时间推移抑郁症状增加得更多。综上所述，我们的结果表明，美国近期驱逐事件的激增对成年初期的人口健康构成了重大威胁，对低收入个人和有色人种社区尤其具有毁灭性后果。
