Torche Florencia, Fletcher Jason, Brand Jennie E
Sociology at Stanford University, United States.
Public Affairs and Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States, and director, Center for Demography of Health and Aging.
RSF. 2024 Jan;10(1):1-30. doi: 10.7758/rsf.2024.10.1.01.
Disruptive events such as economic recessions, natural disasters, job loss, and divorce are highly prevalent among American families. These events can have a long-lasting impact when experienced during childhood, potentially altering academic achievement, socioemotional well-being, health and development, and later life socioeconomic status. Much research has considered the overall impact of disruptive events on children's lives, but the consequences of disruption also vary across groups. The same event may have profound negative consequences for some groups, minor or no impact for others, and even be a generative or positive turning point for other groups. This issue focuses on the disparate consequences of disruptive events on children. We consider theoretical approaches accounting for effect heterogeneity and methodological challenges in identifying unequal impacts. We also review an emerging multidisciplinary literature accounting for variation in the impact of disruption across several widely studied domains that affect children's life chances, including economic, household, educational, health, and environmental events.
诸如经济衰退、自然灾害、失业和离婚等破坏性事件在美国家庭中极为普遍。这些事件如果在童年时期经历，可能会产生持久影响，潜在地改变学业成绩、社会情感幸福感、健康与发展以及成年后的社会经济地位。许多研究都考虑了破坏性事件对儿童生活的总体影响，但破坏的后果在不同群体中也存在差异。同一事件可能对某些群体产生深远的负面影响，对其他群体影响较小或没有影响，甚至对其他群体而言是一个产生积极影响的转折点。本期特刊聚焦于破坏性事件对儿童的不同后果。我们探讨了解释效应异质性的理论方法以及识别不平等影响时的方法学挑战。我们还回顾了新兴的多学科文献，这些文献解释了在几个广泛研究的领域中，破坏事件的影响存在差异，这些领域影响着儿童的生活机遇，包括经济、家庭、教育、健康和环境事件。
