Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany.
TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany; Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
Redox Biol. 2021 May;41:101877. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101877. Epub 2021 Jan 24.
Neurons are post-mitotic cells in the brain and their integrity is of central importance to avoid neurodegeneration. Yet, the inability of self-replenishment of post-mitotic cells results in the need to withstand challenges from numerous stressors during life. Neurons are exposed to oxidative stress due to high oxygen consumption during metabolic activity in the brain. Accordingly, DNA damage can occur and accumulate, resulting in genome instability. In this context, imbalances in brain trace element homeostasis are a matter of concern, especially regarding iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and selenium. Although trace elements are essential for brain physiology, excess and deficient conditions are considered to impair neuronal maintenance. Besides increasing oxidative stress, DNA damage response and repair of oxidative DNA damage are affected by trace elements. Hence, a balanced trace element homeostasis is of particular importance to safeguard neuronal genome integrity and prevent neuronal loss. This review summarises the current state of knowledge on the impact of deficient, as well as excessive iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and selenium levels on neuronal genome stability.
神经元是大脑中的有丝分裂后细胞，其完整性对于避免神经退行性变至关重要。然而，有丝分裂后细胞自我补充的能力有限，导致它们在一生中需要承受来自众多应激源的挑战。由于大脑代谢活动中耗氧量高，神经元会受到氧化应激。因此，可能会发生并积累 DNA 损伤，导致基因组不稳定。在这种情况下，大脑微量元素动态平衡的失衡令人担忧，尤其是铁、铜、锰、锌和硒。尽管微量元素对大脑生理学至关重要，但过量和缺乏条件被认为会损害神经元的维持。除了增加氧化应激外，微量元素还会影响 DNA 损伤反应和氧化 DNA 损伤的修复。因此，平衡的微量元素动态平衡对于保护神经元基因组完整性和防止神经元丢失尤为重要。本文综述了目前关于缺乏以及过量的铁、铜、锰、锌和硒水平对神经元基因组稳定性影响的知识现状。
