Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Sci Adv. 2021 Mar 19;7(12). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abe8065. Print 2021 Mar.
Multiple preventive vaccines are being developed to counter the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The leading candidates have now been evaluated in nonhuman primates (NHPs) and human phase 1 and/or phase 2 clinical trials. Several vaccines have already advanced into phase 3 efficacy trials, while others will do so before the end of 2020. Here, we summarize what is known of the antibody and T cell immunogenicity of these vaccines in NHPs and humans. To the extent possible, we compare how the vaccines have performed, taking into account the use of different assays to assess immunogenicity and inconsistencies in how the resulting data are presented. We also review the outcome of challenge experiments with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in immunized macaques, while noting variations in the protocols used, including but not limited to the virus challenge doses. Press releases on the outcomes of vaccine efficacy trials are also summarized.
正在开发多种预防疫苗来应对 2019 年冠状病毒病大流行。目前，这些主要候选疫苗已在非人类灵长类动物（NHP）和人体 1 期和/或 2 期临床试验中进行了评估。一些疫苗已进入 3 期疗效试验，而其他疫苗将在 2020 年底前进入该阶段。在这里，我们总结了这些疫苗在 NHP 和人体中的抗体和 T 细胞免疫原性。在可能的情况下，我们比较了疫苗的表现，同时考虑到使用不同的检测方法来评估免疫原性以及呈现结果的不一致性。我们还回顾了免疫猴中严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 的攻毒实验的结果，同时注意到所使用方案的差异，包括但不限于病毒攻毒剂量。还总结了疫苗疗效试验结果的新闻稿。
