Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
J Pers. 2021 Oct;89(5):970-985. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12628. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
Although externalizing psychopathology has been linked to deficits in cognitive control, the cognitive processes underlying this association are unclear. Here, we provide a theoretical account of how research on cognitive processes can help to integrate and distinguish personality and psychopathology. We then apply this account to connect the two major subcomponents of externalizing, Antagonism and Disinhibition, with specific control processes using a battery of inhibitory control tasks and corresponding computational modeling. Participants (final N = 104) completed the flanker, go/no-go, and recent probes tasks, as well as normal and maladaptive personality inventories and measures of psychological distress. We fit participants' task behavior using a hierarchical drift diffusion model (DDM) to decompose their responses into specific cognitive processes. Using multilevel structural equation models, we found that Antagonism was associated with faster RTs on the flanker task and lower accuracy on flanker and go/no-go tasks. These results were complemented by DDM parameter associations: Antagonism was linked to decreased threshold and drift rate parameter estimates in the flanker task and a decreased drift rate on no-go trials. Altogether, our findings indicate that Antagonism is associated with specific impairments in fast (sub-second) inhibitory control processes involved in withholding prepared/prepotent responses and filtering distracting information. Disinhibition and momentary distress, however, were not associated with task performance.
虽然外化的精神病理学与认知控制缺陷有关，但这种关联的认知过程尚不清楚。在这里，我们提供了一个理论解释，说明认知过程的研究如何帮助整合和区分人格和精神病理学。然后，我们应用该解释，使用一系列抑制控制任务和相应的计算模型，将外化的两个主要子成分，即对抗性和去抑制性，与特定的控制过程联系起来。参与者（最终 N=104）完成了侧抑制、go/no-go 和最近探针任务，以及正常和适应不良的人格量表和心理困扰的测量。我们使用层次漂移扩散模型（DDM）拟合参与者的任务行为，将他们的反应分解为特定的认知过程。使用多层结构方程模型，我们发现对抗性与侧抑制任务的更快 RT 相关，与侧抑制和 go/no-go 任务的准确性较低相关。DDM 参数关联补充了这些结果：对抗性与侧抑制任务中阈值和漂移率参数估计值降低以及无 go 试验中漂移率降低有关。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，对抗性与涉及抑制准备/固有反应和过滤干扰信息的快速（亚秒级）抑制控制过程的特定障碍有关。然而，去抑制和瞬间困扰与任务表现无关。
