Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2020;21(6):382-388. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2020.1770237. Epub 2020 Jun 4.
Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are a leading cause of death and acute disability among young adults worldwide. We performed a prospective study of young drivers involved in severe MVCs, investigating the critical events leading up to a collision with an emphasis on driver-related factors and collision culpability. A study was conducted in southeastern Norway of all drivers younger than 25 years who were involved in high-energy MVCs resulting in immediate hospitalization during 2013-2016. Collision investigators evaluated the exterior and interior of the motor vehicle (MV) within 24 h. Complementary information was obtained from interviews of collision victims, ambulance personnel and witnesses, from police reports, and medical records. There were 145 young drivers included during a 3-year study period, representing an estimated incidence of 29 per 100,000 drivers with registered driving licenses. Ninety-two percent (133/145) were considered culpable of initiating the MVC, and only 2% of the critical factors preceding the collision were not related to the driver. There were 74% (108/145) males, the median MV (motor vehicle) age age was 14 years, and 86% (125/145) of the MVs were passenger cars. The MVCs predominantly occurred on rural roads (90%, 130/145). Among the culpable drivers, speeding behavior was the main predisposing factor in 80% (106/133) of the collisions. Driving at excessive speed was associated with single-vehicle collisions (87%, 74/85) and the presence of passengers (89%, 56/63). Compared to nonculpable drivers, culpable drivers were more often younger than 21years (66% vs 33%, p = 0.031), had obtained their license less than 2 years previously (68% vs 20%, p = 0.004), and were more likely to have been drinking or using drugs (27% vs 0%, p = 0.039). The overall rate of seatbelt use was 79% (114/145). The vast majority of injury-causing MVCs involving young drivers are initiated by those drivers. These incidents are characterized by male drivers with little driving experience who are operating old cars on rural roads at excessive speeds. Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is also not uncommon. These issues should be targeted in future preventive measures.
机动车碰撞（MVC）是全球年轻人死亡和急性残疾的主要原因。我们对参与严重 MVC 的年轻驾驶员进行了前瞻性研究，调查了导致碰撞的关键事件，重点关注驾驶员相关因素和碰撞责任。
在 2013-2016 年期间，我们在挪威东南部对所有年龄在 25 岁以下的因高能 MVC 而立即住院的驾驶员进行了一项研究。碰撞调查员在 24 小时内对汽车（MV）的内外进行了评估。从碰撞受害者、救护人员和目击者的访谈、警察报告和医疗记录中获得了补充信息。在 3 年的研究期间，共纳入 145 名年轻驾驶员，估计每 100,000 名有注册驾驶执照的驾驶员中就有 29 人发生 MVC。92%（133/145）的驾驶员被认为对引发 MVC 负有责任，只有 2%的碰撞前关键因素与驾驶员无关。其中男性占 74%（108/145），MV 年龄中位数为 14 岁，86%（125/145）的 MV 为乘用车。MVC 主要发生在农村道路上（90%，130/145）。在负有责任的驾驶员中，超速行为是 80%（106/133）碰撞的主要诱发因素。超速行驶与单车碰撞（87%，74/85）和乘客存在（89%，56/63）有关。与无责任驾驶员相比，有责任驾驶员更年轻，年龄小于 21 岁（66%比 33%，p=0.031），驾照获得时间不到 2 年（68%比 20%，p=0.004），更有可能饮酒或吸毒（27%比 0%，p=0.039）。安全带使用率总体为 79%（114/145）。涉及年轻驾驶员的造成伤害的 MVC 绝大多数是由这些驾驶员引发的。这些事件的特点是经验不足的年轻男性驾驶员在农村道路上以过高的速度驾驶旧车。酒后或吸毒后驾车也并不少见。这些问题应该成为未来预防措施的重点。
