Han Sae Hwang
Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton St., Stop A2702, Austin, Texas, 78712-1248, USA; Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton St., Stop A2702, Austin, Texas, 78712-1248, USA; Center on Aging and Population Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton St., Stop A2702, Austin, Texas, 78712-1248, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2021 Mar;273:113767. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113767. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
This study aimed to contribute to our understanding of the complex linkage between retirement and health by estimating health consequences of retirement transitions that were not driven by health reasons separately from those caused by poor health, while taking into consideration the health differences that exist between individuals who engage in different labor force behaviors.
Ten waves of rich data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (N = 9,347; 52,658 person-wave observations) were used to estimate within-person associations between retirement transitions and subsequent health, assessed with self-rated health and depressive symptoms. To account for the bidirectional relationship between retirement and health, retiree's self-reports of the reasons for labor force withdrawal were used to identify and parse out retirement transitions driven by poor health from the retirement transitions that were unrelated to health reasons.
Retirement transitions were unrelated to subsequent health if the withdrawal from the labor force was driven by non-health reasons, whereas retirement transitions driven by poor health were associated with worse subsequent health. Retirement transitions that were phased through partial retirement were associated with worse health outcomes compared to transitioning from full-time work to complete retirement.
Study findings suggest that retirement policies designed to prolong working lives may be implemented without adversely influencing health of older individuals, and potentially delay negative health outcomes associated with retirement for some segments of the older population for whom labor force participation is considered more valuable.
本研究旨在通过分别估计非健康原因导致的退休转变与健康状况不佳导致的退休转变对健康的影响，增进我们对退休与健康之间复杂联系的理解，同时考虑从事不同劳动力行为的个体之间存在的健康差异。
利用来自美国健康与退休研究的十波丰富数据（N = 9347；52658人次观测），以自评健康和抑郁症状评估退休转变与后续健康之间的个体内关联。为了考虑退休与健康之间的双向关系，退休人员关于劳动力退出原因的自我报告被用于识别和区分由健康状况不佳导致的退休转变与与健康原因无关的退休转变。
如果劳动力退出是由非健康原因驱动的，退休转变与后续健康无关，而由健康状况不佳导致的退休转变与随后更差的健康状况相关。与从全职工作直接过渡到完全退休相比，通过部分退休逐步过渡的退休转变与更差的健康结果相关。
研究结果表明，旨在延长工作寿命的退休政策可以在不对老年人健康产生不利影响的情况下实施，并可能延迟与退休相关的负面健康结果，对于劳动力参与被认为更有价值的部分老年人群体而言。
