Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, 56000 Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, University Drive, Seksyen 13, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Trop Biomed. 2020 Jun 1;37(2):433-442.
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus serves as an important ectoparasite of livestock and a vector of several pathogens resulting in diseases, subsequently affecting the agricultural field as well as the economy. The extensive use of synthetic acaricides is known to cause resistance over time and therefore a much safer, effective and environmentally friendly alternative to overcome tick infestation should be implemented. Larval immersion tests (LIT) were done to evaluate the effects of Citrus hystrix (Family: Rutaceae) and Cymbopogon citratus (Family: Poaceae) essential oils (EOs) for their individual and combined (1:1) acaricidal activity against the cattle tick. Results showed that LC and LC values in 24 and 48 hours for Cit. hystrix EO were 11.98% and 24.84%, and 10.95% and 21.71% respectively. LC50 and LC90 values for Cym. citratus EO were 1.21% and 6.28%, and 1.05% and 6.12% respectively. The mixture of EOs from two plants in 1:1 ratio (Cit. hystrix 50%: Cym. citratus 50%) was found to exhibit antagonistic effect (synergistic factor < 1). The 24 hours and 48 hours LC and LC values for combined EOs were 1.52% and 2.84%, and 1.50% and 2.76% respectively. Individual and combined essential oils were subjected to qualitative analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to screen the chemical components present in EOs. Our results showed that the combination of Cit. hystrix and Cym. citratus at 1:1 ratio resulted in an antagonistic effect and the use of Cym. citratus alone is more toxic to R. (B.) microplus, making it a better alternative to chemical based acaricide.
牛皮蝇（蚋属）微丝蚴是家畜的重要外寄生虫，也是几种病原体的传播媒介，导致疾病，从而对农业领域和经济产生影响。随着时间的推移，广泛使用合成杀螨剂会导致抗药性，因此应该实施一种更安全、有效和环保的替代方法来克服蜱虫的侵害。我们进行了幼虫浸泡试验（LIT），以评估柑橘（芸香科）和香茅（禾本科）精油（EOs）对牛蜱的单独和联合（1:1）杀螨活性。结果表明，柑橘 EO 在 24 和 48 小时时的 LC 和 LC 值分别为 11.98%和 24.84%，10.95%和 21.71%。香茅 EO 的 LC50 和 LC90 值分别为 1.21%和 6.28%，1.05%和 6.12%。两种植物精油以 1:1 的比例（柑橘 50%：香茅 50%）混合时表现出拮抗作用（协同因子<1）。混合 EO 在 24 小时和 48 小时时的 LC 和 LC 值分别为 1.52%和 2.84%，1.50%和 2.76%。我们对单独和混合精油进行了气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）定性分析，以筛选精油中存在的化学成分。我们的结果表明，柑橘和香茅以 1:1 的比例混合会产生拮抗作用，单独使用香茅对 R.（B.）microplus 的毒性更大，因此是一种比化学杀螨剂更好的替代品。
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