Dharmalingam Karthick, Birdi Amandeep, Tomo Sojit, Sreenivasulu Karli, Charan Jaykaran, Yadav Dharmveer, Purohit Purvi, Sharma Praveen
Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India.
Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India.
Indian J Clin Biochem. 2021 Oct;36(4):416-426. doi: 10.1007/s12291-021-00961-6. Epub 2021 Feb 12.
Nutritional deficiency is associated with impaired immunity and increased susceptibility to infections. The complex interactions of trace elements with the macromolecules trigger the effective immune response against the viral diseases. The outcome of various viral infections along with susceptibility is affected by trace elements such as zinc, selenium, iron, copper, etc. due to their immuno-modulatory effects. Available electronic databases have been comprehensively searched for articles published with full text available and with the key words "Trace elements", "COVID-19", "Viral Infections" and "Immune Response" (i.e. separately Zn, Se, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mo, Cr, Li, Ni, Co) appearing in the title and abstract. On the basis of available articles we have explored the role of trace elements in viral infections with special reference to COVID-19 and their interactions with the immune system. Zinc, selenium and other trace elements are vital to triggerT1 cells and cytokine-mediated immune response for substantial production of proinflammatory cytokines. The antiviral activity of some trace elements is attributed to their inhibitory effect on viral entry, replication and other downstream processes. Trace elements having antioxidants activity not only regulate host immune responses, but also modify the viral genome. Adequate dietary intake of trace elements is essential for activation, development, differentiation and numerous functions.
营养缺乏与免疫功能受损及感染易感性增加有关。微量元素与大分子的复杂相互作用触发针对病毒性疾病的有效免疫反应。由于锌、硒、铁、铜等微量元素具有免疫调节作用，各种病毒感染的结果以及易感性会受到它们的影响。我们全面检索了现有的电子数据库，查找全文可获取且标题和摘要中出现关键词“微量元素”“COVID-19”“病毒感染”和“免疫反应”（即分别为锌、硒、铁、铜、锰、钼、铬、锂、镍、钴）的文章。基于现有文章，我们探讨了微量元素在病毒感染中的作用，特别提及COVID-19以及它们与免疫系统的相互作用。锌、硒和其他微量元素对于触发T1细胞和细胞因子介导的免疫反应以大量产生促炎细胞因子至关重要。一些微量元素的抗病毒活性归因于它们对病毒进入、复制及其他下游过程的抑制作用。具有抗氧化活性的微量元素不仅调节宿主免疫反应，还能改变病毒基因组。充足的膳食摄入微量元素对于激活、发育、分化及多种功能至关重要。
