Atlas William I, Ban Natalie C, Moore Jonathan W, Tuohy Adrian M, Greening Spencer, Reid Andrea J, Morven Nicole, White Elroy, Housty William G, Housty Jess A, Service Christina N, Greba Larry, Harrison Sam, Sharpe Ciara, Butts Katherine I R, Shepert William M, Sweeney-Bergen Elissa, Macintyre Donna, Sloat Matthew R, Connors Katrina
Pacific Salmon Foundation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Bioscience. 2020 Dec 9;71(2):186-204. doi: 10.1093/biosci/biaa144. eCollection 2021 Feb.
Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are at the center of social-ecological systems that have supported Indigenous peoples around the North Pacific Rim since time immemorial. Through generations of interdependence with salmon, Indigenous Peoples developed sophisticated systems of management involving cultural and spiritual beliefs, and stewardship practices. Colonization radically altered these social-ecological systems, disrupting Indigenous management, consolidating authority within colonial governments, and moving most harvest into mixed-stock fisheries. We review Indigenous management of salmon, including selective fishing technologies, harvest practices, and governance grounded in multigenerational place-based knowledge. These systems and practices showcase pathways for sustained productivity and resilience in contemporary salmon fisheries. Contrasting Indigenous systems with contemporary management, we document vulnerabilities of colonial governance and harvest management that have contributed to declining salmon fisheries in many locations. We suggest that revitalizing traditional systems of salmon management can improve prospects for sustainable fisheries and healthy fishing communities and identify opportunities for their resurgence.
太平洋鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus属）处于社会生态系统的核心位置，自古以来一直支撑着北太平洋沿岸的原住民。通过世代与鲑鱼的相互依存，原住民发展出了复杂的管理系统，涉及文化和精神信仰以及管理实践。殖民化彻底改变了这些社会生态系统，扰乱了原住民的管理，将权力集中在殖民政府手中，并将大部分捕捞活动转移到混合种群渔业中。我们回顾了原住民对鲑鱼的管理，包括选择性捕捞技术、捕捞实践以及基于多代地方知识的治理。这些系统和实践展示了当代鲑鱼渔业实现持续生产力和恢复力的途径。将原住民系统与当代管理进行对比，我们记录了殖民治理和捕捞管理的脆弱性，这些脆弱性导致了许多地区鲑鱼渔业的衰退。我们建议，振兴传统的鲑鱼管理系统可以改善可持续渔业和健康捕捞社区的前景，并确定它们复兴的机会。
