Beacham Terry D, Wallace Colin, Jonsen Kim, McIntosh Brenda, Candy John R, Willis David, Lynch Cheryl, Moore Jean-Sébastien, Bernatchez Louis, Withler Ruth E
Fisheries and Oceans Canada Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo BC Canada.
Fisheries and Oceans Canada Regional Headquarters Vancouver BC Canada.
Evol Appl. 2018 Oct 11;12(2):230-254. doi: 10.1111/eva.12711. eCollection 2019 Feb.
Wild Pacific salmon, including Coho salmon , have been supplemented with hatchery propagation for over 50 years in support of increased ocean harvest and conservation of threatened populations. In Canada, the Wild Salmon Policy for Pacific salmon was established with the goal of maintaining and restoring healthy and diverse Pacific salmon populations, making conservation of wild salmon and their habitats the highest priority for resource management decision-making. A new approach to the assessment and management of wild coho salmon, and the associated hatchery production and fishery management is needed. Implementation of parentage-based tagging (PBT) may overcome problems associated with coded-wire tag-based (CWT) assessment and management of coho salmon fisheries, providing at a minimum information equivalent to that derived from the CWT program. PBT and genetic stock identification (GSI) were used to identify coho salmon sampled in fisheries (8,006 individuals) and escapements (1,692 individuals) in British Columbia to specific conservation units (CU), populations, and broodyears. Individuals were genotyped at 304 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) via direct sequencing of amplicons. Very high accuracy of assignment to population (100%) via PBT for 543 jack (age 2) assigned to correct age and collection location and 265 coded-wire tag (CWT, age 3) coho salmon assigned to correct age and release location was observed, with a 40,774-individual, 267-population baseline available for assignment. Coho salmon from un-CWTed enhanced populations contributed 65% of the catch in southern recreational fisheries in 2017. Application of a PBT-GSI system of identification to individuals in 2017 fisheries and escapements provided high-resolution estimates of stock composition, catch, and exploitation rate by CU or population, providing an alternate and more effective method in the assessment and management of Canadian-origin coho salmon relative to CWTs, and an opportunity for a genetic-based system to replace the current CWT system for coho salmon assessment.
野生太平洋鲑鱼，包括银大麻哈鱼，在过去50多年里一直通过孵化场增殖放流来补充，以支持增加海洋捕捞量和保护受威胁的种群。在加拿大，制定了太平洋鲑鱼野生鲑鱼政策，目标是维持和恢复健康多样的太平洋鲑鱼种群，将野生鲑鱼及其栖息地的保护作为资源管理决策的最高优先事项。需要一种新的方法来评估和管理野生银大麻哈鱼，以及相关的孵化场生产和渔业管理。实施基于亲子关系的标记（PBT）可能会克服与基于编码线标记（CWT）的银大麻哈鱼渔业评估和管理相关的问题，至少能提供与CWT计划相当的信息。利用PBT和遗传种群鉴定（GSI）来确定在不列颠哥伦比亚省渔业中采样的银大麻哈鱼（8006条个体）和洄游鱼（1692条个体）所属的特定保护单元（CU）、种群和繁殖年份。通过对扩增子进行直接测序，在304个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点对个体进行基因分型。对于543条分配到正确年龄和采集地点的雄鱼（2龄）以及265条分配到正确年龄和放流地点的编码线标记（CWT，3龄）银大麻哈鱼，通过PBT将其分配到种群的准确率非常高（100%），有一个40774条个体、267个种群的基线可用于分配。2017年，来自未标记CWT的增殖放流种群的银大麻哈鱼占南部休闲渔业渔获量的65%。将PBT-GSI鉴定系统应用于2017年渔业中的个体和洄游鱼，可提供按CU或种群划分的种群组成、渔获量和开发率的高分辨率估计值，相对于CWT而言，这为加拿大原产银大麻哈鱼的评估和管理提供了一种替代且更有效的方法，也为基于基因的系统取代当前用于银大麻哈鱼评估的CWT系统提供了机会。
