Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Obes Rev. 2021 Jun;22(6):e13174. doi: 10.1111/obr.13174. Epub 2021 Feb 21.
Dietary diversity has been linked to insulin resistance; however, studies are inconsistent on whether dietary diversity protects against metabolic-related outcomes. We aimed to comprehensively assess metabolic-related outcomes of greater diversity across the diet and within major food groups. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature was done in bibliographic databases (Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science) for longitudinal studies that reported on original research. Data extraction and quality appraisal used predefined criteria; reported findings were synthesized through a narrative approach. Fourteen studies were identified as eligible. Greater dietary diversity across major food groups, and diversity within fruits and/or vegetables, was associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Effects varied based on exposure definition and adjustment for known confounders. While diversity of less healthy foods was associated with greater adiposity, diversity of all foods and healthy foods was associated with reduced incidence of depression and cognitive decline. Evidence supports the protective effect of dietary diversity against cognitive decline and T2D. The association between dietary diversity and adiposity may be dependent on the healthiness of foods. Public health efforts to prevent metabolic-related diseases should include an emphasis on a varied diet as a healthy eating strategy.
饮食多样性与胰岛素抵抗有关；然而，关于饮食多样性是否能预防与代谢相关的结局，研究结果并不一致。我们旨在全面评估饮食中更大的多样性和主要食物组内的多样性与代谢相关结局的关系。系统地在同行评议文献的书目数据库（Medline、Scopus 和 Web of Science）中进行了检索，以寻找报告原始研究的纵向研究。使用预先确定的标准进行数据提取和质量评估；通过叙述方法综合报告结果。确定了 14 项符合条件的研究。主要食物组中饮食多样性更大，以及水果和/或蔬菜内的多样性与 2 型糖尿病（T2D）风险降低有关。这些效果因暴露定义和对已知混杂因素的调整而有所不同。虽然不健康食物的多样性与更大的肥胖有关，但所有食物和健康食物的多样性与抑郁和认知能力下降的发生率降低有关。有证据支持饮食多样性对认知能力下降和 T2D 的保护作用。饮食多样性与肥胖之间的关联可能取决于食物的健康程度。预防代谢相关疾病的公共卫生工作应强调多样化饮食作为健康饮食策略。
