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准备接种冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫苗:证据、计划和影响。

Preparing for the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Vaccination: Evidence, Plans, and Implications.

机构信息

Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.

Artificial Intelligence and Big-Data Convergence Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.

出版信息

J Korean Med Sci. 2021 Feb 22;36(7):e59. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e59.

Abstract

The formation of herd immunity through vaccination is a key point in overcoming the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To acquire herd immunity, a high vaccination rate is required, which is necessary to instill confidence in the public regarding the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine. In the real-world setting, thorough preparation of components, such as priority setting, vaccine delivery, logistics, and side-effect monitoring is necessary to overcome vaccine hesitancy. Each country prioritizes vaccination since healthcare workers, nursing facility residents, and the elderly population, and similar trends are found between countries. Vaccination is performed at large centers and medical institutions operated by the country, and variations are dependent on the environment of each country. The transport of mRNA vaccines is a challenging task, and to this end, each government is striving for safe distribution. In addition, each authority operates a surveillance system to monitor the safety of vaccines, and Korea needs to produce evidence for monitoring effects and side effects with expertise. Even after the acquisition of herd immunity, COVID-19 is highly likely to remain an endemic infectious disease, and a higher immunity level may be required because of variants of the virus. If the spread of variants of concern continues, a booster vaccination may be required. Therefore, non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as social distancing, wearing a mask, and epidemiological investigation should be maintained.

摘要

通过接种疫苗形成群体免疫是克服 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行的关键点。为了获得群体免疫,需要高疫苗接种率,这对于公众对疫苗的有效性和安全性建立信心是必要的。在现实环境中,需要充分准备疫苗接种的各个组成部分,如优先事项设置、疫苗接种的提供、物流和副作用监测,以克服疫苗犹豫。每个国家都将疫苗接种作为优先事项,因为医护人员、护理机构居民和老年人群体,并且在国家之间也存在类似的趋势。疫苗接种在由国家运营的大型中心和医疗机构进行,其变化取决于每个国家的环境。mRNA 疫苗的运输是一项具有挑战性的任务,为此,每个政府都在努力确保安全分发。此外,每个权威机构都运行一个监测系统来监测疫苗的安全性,韩国需要利用专业知识来生成监测效果和副作用的证据。即使获得了群体免疫,COVID-19 也很可能仍然是一种地方性传染病,并且由于病毒的变异,可能需要更高的免疫水平。如果关注的病毒变异继续传播,则可能需要进行加强针接种。因此,应保持非药物干预措施,如保持社交距离、戴口罩和进行流行病学调查。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b1b7/7900528/bcebb4fee92a/jkms-36-e59-g001.jpg

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