National Institute of Veterinary Research, No. 86, Truong Chinh road, Phuong Mai ward, Dong Da district, Ha Noi, Viet Nam.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Country Office for Viet Nam Green One UN House Building, No. 304, Kim Ma Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
Prev Vet Med. 2021 Apr;189:105292. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105292. Epub 2021 Feb 9.
The use and misuse of antimicrobials in livestock production contributes to increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antimicrobial use (AMU), has been identified as a problem in Viet Nam. There were many identified drivers of AMU in Viet Nam such as lack of access to veterinary services, easy access to cheap over-the-counter antimicrobials, and insufficient farm biosecurity. This study included chicken farmers (n = 540) and pig farmers (n = 540) from household, semi-industrialized, and industrialized farms in the North, Central, and South of Viet Nam. The objective of this study was to determine farmers rationale behind AMU on their farms and their usage patterns. On pig farms, 98.1% of the farmers reported use of antimicrobials in their production. On chicken farms, 87.9% reported use of antimicrobials in their production. The results of the survey showed that the three main purposes of AMU were treatment of sick animals, disease prevention, and weight gain. Treatment accounted for 81.3% in pig farming and 62.1% in chicken farming. The main reason to start antimicrobial therapy in pig and chicken production was observation of the first clinical signs of disease (73.9% of the pig farmers and 74.9% of chicken farmers). The proportion of industrial pig farms performing diagnostic tests before using antimicrobials was singnificantly (p < 0.05) higher than household farms (OR = 45.3). The proportion of chicken farmers who used diagnostic tests before using antimicrobials on semi-industrial (OR = 4.1) and industrial farms (OR = 26.7) were significantly higher compared with household farms. Through encouraging the prudent use of antimicrobials in animal husbandry we can reduce the use of antimicrobials at the primary production level and thereby lowering the risk of AMR.
在畜牧业生产中使用和滥用抗菌药物会导致抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）的增加。抗菌药物的使用（AMU）已被确定为越南的一个问题。越南存在许多导致 AMU 的驱动因素，例如兽医服务获取途径有限、容易获得廉价的非处方抗菌药物以及农场生物安全措施不足。本研究包括来自越南北部、中部和南部的家庭、半工业化和工业化农场的鸡农（n=540）和猪农（n=540）。本研究的目的是确定农民在其农场中使用 AMU 的基本原理及其使用模式。在养猪场，98.1%的农民报告在生产中使用了抗菌药物。在养鸡场，87.9%的农民报告在生产中使用了抗菌药物。调查结果表明，AMU 的三个主要目的是治疗患病动物、预防疾病和增加体重。在养猪场，治疗占 81.3%，在养鸡场，治疗占 62.1%。在猪和鸡生产中开始抗菌治疗的主要原因是观察到疾病的最初临床症状（73.9%的养猪户和 74.9%的养鸡户）。在使用抗菌药物之前进行诊断测试的工业化养猪场的比例明显（p<0.05）高于家庭农场（OR=45.3）。在使用抗菌药物之前进行诊断测试的半工业化（OR=4.1）和工业化养鸡场（OR=26.7）的鸡农比例明显高于家庭农场。通过鼓励在畜牧业中谨慎使用抗菌药物，我们可以减少初级生产水平抗菌药物的使用，从而降低 AMR 的风险。
