Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary, Cardenal Herrera University, Tirant Lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115, Valencia, Spain.
Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary and Experimental Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia-San Vicente Mártir, Guillem de Castro, 106, 46003, Valencia, Spain.
Acta Vet Scand. 2021 Feb 23;63(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s13028-021-00573-3.
Myeloid disorders are conditions being characterized by abnormal proliferation and development of myeloid lineage including granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils), monocytes, erythroids, and megakaryocytes precursor cells. Myeloid leukemia, based on clinical presentation and proliferative rate of neoplastic cells, is divided into acute (AML) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). The most commonly myeloid leukemia reported in horses are AML-M4 (myelomonocytic) and AML-M5 (monocytic). Isolated cases of AML-M6B (acute erythroid leukemia), and chronic granulocytic leukemia have also been reported. Additionally, bone marrow disorders with dysplastic alterations and ineffective hematopoiesis affecting single or multiple cell lineages or myelodysplastic diseases (MDS), have also been reported in horses. MDSs have increased myeloblasts numbers in blood or bone marrow, although less than 20%, which is the minimum level required for diagnosis of AML. This review performed a detailed description of the current state of knowlegde of the myeloproliferative disorders in horses following the criteria established by the World Health Organization.
髓系疾病是指骨髓谱系中包括粒细胞（中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞）、单核细胞、红细胞和巨核细胞前体细胞的异常增殖和发育的疾病。根据肿瘤细胞的临床表现和增殖率，髓系白血病分为急性髓系白血病（AML）和骨髓增生性肿瘤（MPN）。在马中报道的最常见的髓系白血病是 AML-M4（髓单核细胞）和 AML-M5（单核细胞）。也有报道称孤立的 AML-M6B（急性红细胞性白血病）和慢性粒细胞白血病病例。此外，马中还报道了骨髓疾病伴有影响单一或多种细胞谱系的发育不良改变和无效造血，以及骨髓增生异常疾病（MDS）。MDS 患者的血液或骨髓中有大量未成熟的髓细胞，但数量不到 20%，这是 AML 诊断所需的最低水平。本综述按照世界卫生组织（WHO）制定的标准，对马的髓系增生性疾病的现有知识状况进行了详细描述。
