Ghazi Ala, Pakfetrat Atessa, Hashemy Seyed Isaac, Boroomand Farzaneh, Javan-Rashid Abdollah
Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Addict Health. 2020 Oct;12(4):244-250. doi: 10.22122/ahj.v12i4.278.
The cigarette compounds are associated with the increase in the incidence of oral cancer and precancerous lesions. Salivary antioxidant system plays an important role in anti-carcinogenic capacity of saliva. Cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, has a longer half-life in comparison with nicotine and is a suitable marker for exposure to cigarette smoke. This study aims to measure total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and cotinine level in saliva of smokers and non-smokers and compare salivary cotinine level and TAC in each group.
In this cross-sectional study, 32 smokers and 34 non-smokers were recruited by consecutive sampling from Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Salivary cotinine and TAC concentrations were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. For data analysis, correlation tests of Spearman, Mann-Whitney U, and independent samples t-test were used.
A significant difference was observed between the two groups in the mean cotinine level and in the mean TAC (P = 0.015, P = 0.027, respectively). TAC showed a weak negative correlation with the cotinine level, but the difference was not significant (P = 0.651).
Antioxidants are of great importance to smokers because antioxidants are able to scavenge free radicals found in cigarette smoke. According to the results of present study, the salivary TAC in smokers was lower than that of non-smokers, and the salivary cotinine level in smokers was higher than non-smokers. Therefore, smoking endangers the oral cavity health by reducing the salivary TAC. Further studies with a higher sample size and other factors affecting the salivary TAC are needed for definitive comment.
香烟中的化合物与口腔癌及癌前病变发病率的增加有关。唾液抗氧化系统在唾液的抗癌能力中起着重要作用。可替宁是一种尼古丁代谢产物，与尼古丁相比半衰期更长，是接触香烟烟雾的合适标志物。本研究旨在测量吸烟者和非吸烟者唾液中的总抗氧化能力（TAC）和可替宁水平，并比较每组中的唾液可替宁水平和TAC。
在这项横断面研究中，通过连续抽样从伊朗马什哈德医科大学牙科学院口腔医学系招募了32名吸烟者和34名非吸烟者。使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）技术测定唾液中可替宁和TAC的浓度。数据分析采用Spearman相关性检验、Mann-Whitney U检验和独立样本t检验。
两组之间的平均可替宁水平和平均TAC存在显著差异（分别为P = 0.015，P = 0.027）。TAC与可替宁水平呈弱负相关，但差异不显著（P = 0.651）。
抗氧化剂对吸烟者非常重要，因为抗氧化剂能够清除香烟烟雾中的自由基。根据本研究结果，吸烟者的唾液TAC低于非吸烟者，吸烟者的唾液可替宁水平高于非吸烟者。因此，吸烟通过降低唾液TAC危害口腔健康。需要进一步进行样本量更大的研究以及考虑其他影响唾液TAC的因素，以便做出明确的评论。
