Mata Rani, Yao Yuejun, Cao Wangbei, Ding Jie, Zhou Tong, Zhai Zihe, Gao Changyou
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Research (Wash D C). 2021 Feb 3;2021:4189516. doi: 10.34133/2021/4189516. eCollection 2021.
Tissue regeneration is an active multiplex process involving the dynamic inflammatory microenvironment. Under a normal physiological framework, inflammation is necessary for the systematic immunity including tissue repair and regeneration as well as returning to homeostasis. Inflammatory cellular response and metabolic mechanisms play key roles in the well-orchestrated tissue regeneration. If this response is dysregulated, it becomes chronic, which in turn causes progressive fibrosis, improper repair, and autoimmune disorders, ultimately leading to organ failure and death. Therefore, understanding of the complex inflammatory multiple player responses and their cellular metabolisms facilitates the latest insights and brings novel therapeutic methods for early diseases and modern health challenges. This review discusses the recent advances in molecular interactions of immune cells, controlled shift of pro- to anti-inflammation, reparative inflammatory metabolisms in tissue regeneration, controlling of an unfavorable microenvironment, dysregulated inflammatory diseases, and emerging therapeutic strategies including the use of biomaterials, which expand therapeutic views and briefly denote important gaps that are still prevailing.
组织再生是一个涉及动态炎症微环境的活跃多过程。在正常生理框架下，炎症对于包括组织修复和再生以及恢复内环境稳定的系统免疫是必要的。炎症细胞反应和代谢机制在精心编排的组织再生中起关键作用。如果这种反应失调，就会变成慢性炎症，进而导致进行性纤维化、修复不当和自身免疫性疾病，最终导致器官衰竭和死亡。因此，了解复杂的炎症多因素反应及其细胞代谢有助于获得最新见解，并为早期疾病和现代健康挑战带来新的治疗方法。本综述讨论了免疫细胞分子相互作用的最新进展、促炎到抗炎的可控转变、组织再生中的修复性炎症代谢、不利微环境的控制、炎症性疾病的失调以及包括使用生物材料在内的新兴治疗策略，这些拓宽了治疗视野并简要指出了仍然普遍存在的重要差距。
