脊椎动物的全血和血液成分会对三种非自体受精蚊子的卵形成产生差异影响。
Whole blood and blood components from vertebrates differentially affect egg formation in three species of anautogenous mosquitoes.
机构信息
Department of Entomology, The University of Georgia, 120 Cedar Street, 420 Biological Sciences, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2021 Feb 24;14(1):119. doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04594-9.
BACKGROUND
Most female mosquitoes are anautogenous and must blood feed on a vertebrate host to produce eggs. Prior studies show that the number of eggs females lay per clutch correlates with the volume of blood ingested and that protein is the most important macronutrient for egg formation. In contrast, how whole blood, blood fractions and specific blood proteins from different vertebrates affect egg formation is less clear. Since egg formation is best understood in Aedes aegypti, we examined how blood and blood components from different vertebrates affect this species and two others: the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae and arbovirus vector Culex quinquefasciatus.
METHODS
Adult female mosquitoes were fed blood, blood fractions and purified major blood proteins from different vertebrate hosts. Markers of reproductive response including ovary ecdysteroidogenesis, yolk deposition into oocytes and number of mature eggs produced were measured.
RESULTS
Ae. aegypti, An. gambiae and C. quinquefasciatus responded differently to meals of whole blood, plasma or blood cells from human, rat, chicken and turkey hosts. We observed more similarities between the anthropophiles Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae than the ornithophile C. quinquefasciatus. Focusing on Ae. aegypti, the major plasma-derived proteins (serum albumin, fibrinogen and globulins) differentially stimulated egg formation as a function of vertebrate host source. The major blood cell protein, hemoglobin, stimulated yolk deposition when from pigs but not humans, cows or sheep. Serum albumins from different vertebrates also variably affected egg formation. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) stimulated ovary ecdysteroidogenesis, but more weakly induced digestive enzyme activities than whole blood. In contrast, BSA-derived peptides and free amino acids had no stimulatory effects on ecdysteroidogenesis or yolk deposition into oocytes.
CONCLUSIONS
Whole blood, blood fractions and specific blood proteins supported egg formation in three species of anautogenous mosquitoes but specific responses varied with the vertebrate source of the blood components tested.
背景
大多数雌性蚊子是自育的，必须以脊椎动物宿主为食才能产卵。先前的研究表明，雌性每次产下的卵数与摄入的血量有关，而蛋白质是形成卵子最重要的宏量营养素。相比之下，来自不同脊椎动物的全血、血液成分和特定血液蛋白如何影响卵子形成尚不清楚。由于在埃及伊蚊中对卵子形成的理解最为透彻，我们研究了来自不同脊椎动物的血液和血液成分如何影响该物种以及另外两种蚊子：疟疾病媒按蚊和虫媒病毒载体库蚊。
方法
成年雌性蚊子喂食来自不同脊椎动物宿主的血液、血液成分和纯化的主要血液蛋白。测量了包括卵巢蜕皮甾酮发生、卵黄沉积到卵母细胞和成熟卵子产生数量在内的生殖反应标志物。
结果
埃及伊蚊、冈比亚按蚊和库蚊对来自人类、大鼠、鸡和火鸡宿主的全血、血浆或血细胞的反应不同。我们观察到亲人类的埃及伊蚊和冈比亚按蚊之间的相似性多于亲鸟类的库蚊。以埃及伊蚊为例，主要的血浆衍生蛋白（血清白蛋白、纤维蛋白原和球蛋白）根据脊椎动物宿主的来源不同，对卵子形成有不同的刺激作用。来自猪的主要血细胞蛋白血红蛋白刺激卵黄沉积，但来自人类、牛或羊的血红蛋白则没有。来自不同脊椎动物的血清白蛋白也可改变卵子形成。牛血清白蛋白（BSA）刺激卵巢蜕皮甾酮发生，但诱导消化酶活性的作用比全血弱。相比之下，BSA 衍生肽和游离氨基酸对蜕皮甾酮发生或卵黄沉积到卵母细胞没有刺激作用。
结论
全血、血液成分和特定的血液蛋白支持三种自育性蚊子的卵子形成，但特定的反应因所测试的血液成分的脊椎动物来源而异。
Zotero 插件