MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Feb 26;70(8):289-292. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7008e4.
In-person learning benefits children and communities (1). Understanding the context in which transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), occurs in schools is critical to improving the safety of in-person learning. During December 1, 2020-January 22, 2021, Cobb and Douglas Public Health (CDPH), the Georgia Department of Public Health (GDPH), and CDC investigated SARS-CoV-2 transmission in eight public elementary schools in a single school district. COVID-19 cases* among educators and students were either self-reported or identified by local public health officials. Close contacts (contacts) of persons with a COVID-19 case received testing. Among contacts who received positive test results, public health investigators assessed epidemiologic links, probable transmission directionality, and the likelihood of in-school transmission. Nine clusters of three or more epidemiologically linked COVID-19 cases were identified involving 13 educators and 32 students at six of the eight elementary schools. Two clusters involved probable educator-to-educator transmission that was followed by educator-to-student transmission and resulted in approximately one half (15 of 31) of school-associated cases. Sixty-nine household members of persons with school-associated cases were tested, and 18 (26%) received positive results. All nine transmission clusters involved less than ideal physical distancing, and five involved inadequate mask use by students. Educators were central to in-school transmission networks. Multifaceted mitigation measures in schools, including promotion of COVID-19 precautions outside of school, minimizing in-person adult interactions at school, and ensuring universal and correct mask use and physical distancing among educators and students when in-person interaction is unavoidable, are important in preventing in-school transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Although not required for reopening schools, COVID-19 vaccination should be considered as an additional mitigation measure to be added when available.
面对面学习有益于儿童和社区（1）。了解导致 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的 SARS-CoV-2 病毒在学校传播的背景情况对于提高面对面学习的安全性至关重要。2020 年 12 月 1 日至 2021 年 1 月 22 日，科布和道格拉斯公共卫生部门（CDPH）、佐治亚州公共卫生部（GDPH）和美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）调查了一个学区内八所公立小学的 SARS-CoV-2 传播情况。COVID-19 病例*包括教师和学生自报或当地公共卫生官员确定的病例。与有 COVID-19 病例的人有密切接触（接触者）的人接受了检测。在接受阳性检测结果的接触者中，公共卫生调查人员评估了流行病学联系、可能的传播方向性以及在学校内传播的可能性。在八所小学中的六所小学发现了涉及 13 名教师和 32 名学生的 9 个三例或更多具有流行病学联系的 COVID-19 病例集群。两个集群涉及可能的教师到教师的传播，随后是教师到学生的传播，导致大约一半（31 例中的 15 例）的学校相关病例。与学校相关病例的 69 名家庭成员接受了检测，其中 18 人（26%）检测结果呈阳性。所有九个传播集群都涉及不理想的身体距离，其中五个集群涉及学生口罩使用不足。教师是校内传播网络的核心。学校内采取多方面的缓解措施，包括在学校外宣传 COVID-19 预防措施，最大限度地减少学校内成人之间的面对面互动，确保教师和学生在不可避免的面对面互动时普遍正确佩戴口罩并保持身体距离，这对于防止 SARS-CoV-2 在学校内传播非常重要。尽管学校重新开放不需要接种 COVID-19 疫苗，但应考虑将其作为一项额外的缓解措施，在有疫苗时添加。
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