International PhD Programme "Environment, Resources and Sustainable Development, Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Centro Direzionale - Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy.
ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Department for Sustainability, Division Resource Efficiency, Research Centre of Portici, P.le E. Fermi 1, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jun 25;775:145809. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145809. Epub 2021 Feb 12.
In the challenge of transforming waste into useful products that can be re-used in a circular perspective, Italian wine industry can represent a suitable model for the application of the bioeconomy principles, including the valorisation of the agricultural and food waste. In the present study, a comprehensive environmental assessment of the traditional production of wine was performed and the potentiality of a biorefinery system, based on winery waste and aimed at recovering useful bio-based products, such as grapeseed oil and calcium tartrate, was examined through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The wine company "I Borboni", producing Asprinio wine in the Campania Region (Italy), was proposed as a case study. The hotspots of the linear production system were identified and the bottling phase, in particular the production of packaging glass, resulted to contribute to the generation of impacts at 63%, on average, versus 14.3% of the agricultural phase and 22.7% of the vinification phase. The LCA results indicated human carcinogenic toxicity, freshwater eutrophication and fossil resource scarcity impact categories as the most affected ones, with normalized impacts amounting to 9.22E-03, 3.89E-04 and 2.64E-04, respectively. Two side production chains (grapeseed oil and tartrate production) were included and circular patterns were designed and introduced in the traditional production chain with the aim of valorising the winery residues and improving the overall environmental performance. By implementing the circular approach, environmental impacts in the global warming, freshwater eutrophication and mineral resource scarcity impact categories, in particular, resulted three times lower than in the linear system. The results achieved demonstrated that closing the loops in the wine industry, through the reuse of bio-based residues alternatively to fossil-based inputs within the production process, and integrating the traditional production system with new side production chains led to an upgrade of the wineries to biorefineries, towards more sustainable production patterns.
在将废物转化为可在循环视角中再利用的有用产品的挑战中，意大利葡萄酒行业可以作为应用生物经济原则的合适模式，包括农业和食品废物的增值利用。在本研究中，对传统葡萄酒生产进行了全面的环境评估，并通过生命周期评估 (LCA) 研究了基于酿酒厂废物并旨在回收有用生物基产品（如葡萄籽油和酒石酸钙）的生物炼制系统的潜力。以生产阿斯普林诺葡萄酒的意大利坎帕尼亚地区的“伊博博尼”葡萄酒公司为例。确定了线性生产系统的热点，特别是装瓶阶段，特别是包装玻璃的生产，导致在平均 63%的情况下对影响的产生做出贡献，而农业阶段为 14.3%，发酵阶段为 22.7%。LCA 结果表明，人类致癌毒性、淡水富营养化和化石资源短缺影响类别是受影响最严重的类别，归一化影响量分别为 9.22E-03、3.89E-04 和 2.64E-04。包含了两个副产物生产链（葡萄籽油和酒石酸盐生产），并设计和引入了循环模式到传统生产链中，旨在增值利用酿酒厂残渣并提高整体环境性能。通过实施循环方法，特别是在全球变暖、淡水富营养化和矿产资源短缺影响类别中，环境影响降低了三倍，与线性系统相比。所取得的结果表明，通过在生产过程中替代化石基投入来重新利用生物基残渣，以及将传统生产系统与新的副产物生产链相结合，使葡萄酒厂升级为生物精炼厂，朝着更可持续的生产模式发展，从而可以实现葡萄酒行业的闭环。
