Taifouris Manuel, El-Halwagi Mahmoud, Martin Mariano
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plza. Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M, 3122 TAMU, 100 Spence St., College Station, Texas 77843A, United States.
ACS Sustain Chem Eng. 2023 Sep 1;11(37):13718-13728. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c03615. eCollection 2023 Sep 18.
The increase in the world population has led to intensive food production systems that are generating increasing amounts of solid waste. In this work, the valorization of the most important waste generated during wine production, grape pomace, is evaluated. Eight processes are proposed to approach different types of valorization (production of energy and value-added products), from economic, environmental, and social points of view. The best process depends on the budget available, the production capacity, and the weight of each impact produced by the factory (economic, environmental, or social). For small (less than 0.1 kg/s) or very large (greater than 10 kg/s) capacities, the production of high-value-added products outperforms the other processes in all three impacts and in profitability. For intermediate capacities, combustion and gasification stand out as having the highest greenhouse emissions and intermediate economic benefits. Anaerobic digestion is remarkable for its low greenhouse gas emissions, while tannin production is the best-balanced process from both economic and environmental points of view. Pyrolysis is the worst process of all three impacts.
世界人口的增长导致了集约化粮食生产系统，这些系统产生的固体废物量日益增加。在这项工作中，对葡萄酒生产过程中产生的最重要的废物——葡萄渣的价值提升进行了评估。从经济、环境和社会角度出发，提出了八个过程来实现不同类型的价值提升（能源生产和增值产品生产）。最佳过程取决于可用预算、生产能力以及工厂产生的每种影响（经济、环境或社会）的权重。对于小产能（小于0.1千克/秒）或非常大的产能（大于10千克/秒），高附加值产品的生产在所有三种影响和盈利能力方面都优于其他过程。对于中等产能，燃烧和气化的温室气体排放量最高，经济效益居中。厌氧消化因其低温室气体排放而显著，而从经济和环境角度来看，单宁生产是平衡度最佳的过程。热解在所有三种影响方面都是最差的过程。
