Heydarzadeh Samaneh, Ranjbar Maryam, Karimi Farokh, Seif Farhad, Alivand Mohammad Reza
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Cell Biosci. 2021 Feb 25;11(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s13578-021-00552-1.
MicroRNA-derived structures play impressive roles in various biological processes. So dysregulation of miRNAs can lead to different human diseases. Recent studies have extended our comprehension of the control of miRNA function and features. Here, we overview some remarkable miRNA properties that have potential implications for the miRNA functions, including different variants of a miRNA called isomiRs, miRNA arm selection/arm switching, and the effect of these factors on miRNA target selection. Besides, we review some aspects of miRNA interactions such as the interaction between epigenetics and miRNA (different miRNAs and their related processing enzymes are epigenetically regulated by multiple DNA methylation enzymes. moreover, DNA methylation could be controlled by diverse mechanisms related to miRNAs), direct and indirect crosstalk between miRNA and lnc (Long Non-Coding) RNAs as a further approach to conduct intercellular regulation called "competing endogenous RNA" (ceRNA) that is involved in the pathogenesis of different diseases, and the interaction of miRNA activities and some Xeno-infectious (virus/bacteria/parasite) factors, which result in modulation of the pathogenesis of infections. This review provides some related studies to a better understanding of miRNA involvement mechanisms and overcoming the complexity of related diseases that may be applicable and useful to prognostic, diagnostic, therapeutic purposes and personalized medicine in the future.
微小RNA衍生结构在各种生物学过程中发挥着重要作用。因此，微小RNA的失调会导致不同的人类疾病。最近的研究扩展了我们对微小RNA功能和特征调控的理解。在这里，我们概述了一些对微小RNA功能具有潜在影响的显著微小RNA特性，包括一种称为异微小RNA（isomiRs）的微小RNA的不同变体、微小RNA臂选择/臂切换，以及这些因素对微小RNA靶标选择的影响。此外，我们回顾了微小RNA相互作用的一些方面，如表观遗传学与微小RNA之间的相互作用（多种DNA甲基化酶对不同的微小RNA及其相关加工酶进行表观遗传调控。此外，DNA甲基化可由与微小RNA相关的多种机制控制）、微小RNA与长链非编码（lnc）RNA之间的直接和间接串扰，这是一种称为“竞争性内源RNA”（ceRNA）的细胞间调控的进一步方式，它参与了不同疾病的发病机制，以及微小RNA活性与一些异种感染（病毒/细菌/寄生虫）因素的相互作用，这会导致感染发病机制的调节。这篇综述提供了一些相关研究，以更好地理解微小RNA的参与机制，并克服相关疾病的复杂性，这可能对未来的预后、诊断、治疗目的和个性化医学适用且有用。
