非洲城市健康与2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）防范及应对的关联：早期证据的快速范围审查
Urban health nexus with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preparedness and response in Africa: Rapid scoping review of the early evidence.
作者信息
Alhassan Robert Kaba, Nutor Jerry John, Abuosi Aaron Asibi, Afaya Agani, Mohammed Solomon Salia, Dalaba Maxwel Ayindenaba, Immurana Mustapha, Manyeh Alfred Kwesi, Klu Desmond, Aberese-Ako Matilda, Doegah Phidelia Theresa, Acquah Evelyn, Nketiah-Amponsah Edward, Tampouri John, Akoriyea Samuel Kaba, Amuna Paul, Ansah Evelyn Kokor, Gyapong Margaret, Owusu-Agyei Seth, Gyapong John Owusu
机构信息
Centre for Health Policy and Implementation Research, Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
出版信息
SAGE Open Med. 2021 Feb 11;9:2050312121994360. doi: 10.1177/2050312121994360. eCollection 2021.
INTRODUCTION
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 also called coronavirus disease 2019 was first reported in the African continent on 14 February 2020 in Egypt. As at 18 December 2020, the continent reported 2,449,754 confirmed cases, 57,817 deaths and 2,073,214 recoveries. Urban cities in Africa have particularly suffered the brunt of coronavirus disease 2019 coupled with criticisms that the response strategies have largely been a 'one-size-fits-all' approach. This article reviewed early evidence on urban health nexus with coronavirus disease 2019 preparedness and response in Africa.
METHODS
A rapid scoping review of empirical and grey literature was done using data sources such as ScienceDirect, GoogleScholar, PubMed, HINARI and official websites of World Health Organization and Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. A total of 26 full articles (empirical studies, reviews and commentaries) were synthesised and analysed qualitatively based on predefined inclusion criteria on publication relevance and quality.
RESULTS
Over 70% of the 26 articles reported on coronavirus disease 2019 response strategies across Africa; 27% of the articles reported on preparedness towards coronavirus disease 2019, while 38% reported on urbanisation nexus with coronavirus disease 2019; 40% of the publications were full-text empirical studies, while the remaining 60% were either commentaries, reviews or editorials. It was found that urban cities remain epicentres of coronavirus disease 2019 in Africa. Even though some successes have been recorded in Africa regarding coronavirus disease 2019 fight, the continent's response strategies were largely found to be a 'one-size-fits-all' approach. Consequently, adoption of 'Western elitist' mitigating measures for coronavirus disease 2019 containment resulted in excesses and spillover effects on individuals, families and economies in Africa.
CONCLUSION
Africa needs to increase commitment to health systems strengthening through context-specific interventions and prioritisation of pandemic preparedness over response. Likewise, improved economic resilience and proper urban planning will help African countries to respond better to future public health emergencies, as coronavirus disease 2019 cases continue to surge on the continent.
引言
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（也称为2019冠状病毒病）于2020年2月14日在非洲大陆的埃及首次报告。截至2020年12月18日，该大陆报告了2449754例确诊病例、57817例死亡和2073214例康复病例。非洲的城市尤其首当其冲地遭受了2019冠状病毒病的冲击，同时也受到批评，认为应对策略在很大程度上是一种“一刀切”的方法。本文回顾了关于非洲城市健康与2019冠状病毒病防范及应对之间关系的早期证据。
方法
利用科学Direct、谷歌学术、PubMed、HINARI以及世界卫生组织和非洲疾病控制与预防中心的官方网站等数据源，对实证文献和灰色文献进行了快速范围综述。根据关于出版相关性和质量的预定义纳入标准，共综合分析了26篇全文文章（实证研究、综述和评论）。
结果
26篇文章中超过70%报告了非洲各地的2019冠状病毒病应对策略；27%的文章报告了对2019冠状病毒病的防范措施，而38%的文章报告了城市化与2019冠状病毒病的关系；40%的出版物是全文实证研究，其余60%是评论、综述或社论。研究发现，城市仍然是非洲2019冠状病毒病的中心。尽管非洲在抗击2019冠状病毒病方面取得了一些成功，但该大陆的应对策略在很大程度上被发现是一种“一刀切”的方法。因此，采用“西方精英主义”的2019冠状病毒病缓解措施导致了对非洲个人、家庭和经济的过度影响和溢出效应。
结论
非洲需要通过针对具体情况的干预措施以及将大流行防范置于应对之上的优先次序，加大对加强卫生系统的投入。同样，提高经济复原力和进行适当的城市规划将有助于非洲国家更好地应对未来的公共卫生紧急情况，因为2019冠状病毒病病例在该大陆继续激增。
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