埃塞俄比亚大学生在疫情第二波期间对新冠疫苗的接受情况：健康信念模型的应用
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the second wave of the pandemic among university students in Ethiopia: application of the health belief model.
作者信息
Tilahun Befkad Derese, Adane Tiruneh, Fentanew Molla, Alene Tilahun Dessie, Abebe Gebremeskel Kibret, Ngusie Habtamu Setegn
机构信息
Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O. Box: 400, Woldia, Amhara 400, Ethiopia.
Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2023 Dec 13;10:20499361231213226. doi: 10.1177/20499361231213226. eCollection 2023 Jan-Dec.
BACKGROUND
The first case of COVID-19 virus was reported in Africa on 14 February 2020. The pandemic became more aggressive in the continent during the second wave than the first wave. Promoting vaccination behavior is an unparalleled measure to curb the spread of the pandemic. Regarding this, the health belief model (HBM) is the major model for understanding health behaviors. This study aimed to examine predictors of intended COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the second wave of the pandemic among university students in Ethiopia using HBM.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 randomly selected medical and health science students at the University of Gondar from 21 August to 15 September 2020. Analysis of data was performed using STATA 14.0. Linear regression analysis was applied and a value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.
RESULTS
Among the total participants, 293 [72.2% (95.0%: CI: 67.2-76.8)] of them scored above the mean of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. HBM explained nearly 46.3% (adjusted = 0.463) variance in intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Year of study (β = 0.288; 95% CI: 0.144-0.056), using social media (β = 0.58; 95% CI: 1.546-2.804), existing chronic disease (β = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.042-0.433), perceived overall health condition (β = 0.117; 95% CI: 0.307-0.091), perceived susceptibility (β = 0.58; 95% CI: 1.546-2.804), perceived benefit (β = 0.338; 95% CI: 1.578-2.863), and cues to action (β = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.388-0.99) were significantly associated with intended COVID-19 vaccine acceptance at value < 0.5.
CONCLUSION
Approximately, three-quarters of the participants were above the mean score of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, which is higher compared to previous reports in resource-limited settings. Interventions in this study setting chould include placing emphasis on the risks of acquiring COVID-19, enhancing perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination and improving cues to action by advocating COVID-19 vaccination. Our findings also implied that social media health campaigns are significant factor in COVID-19 vaccination behavioral change in this study setting.
背景
2020年2月14日非洲报告了首例新冠病毒病例。疫情在非洲的第二波比第一波更具侵袭性。推广疫苗接种行为是遏制疫情传播的一项无与伦比的措施。关于这一点，健康信念模型（HBM）是理解健康行为的主要模型。本研究旨在使用健康信念模型，调查埃塞俄比亚大学生在疫情第二波期间接受新冠疫苗接种意愿的预测因素。
方法
2020年8月21日至9月15日，对贡德尔大学423名随机抽取的医学和健康科学专业学生进行了一项横断面研究。使用STATA 14.0进行数据分析。应用线性回归分析，以小于0.05的值宣布具有统计学意义。
结果
在所有参与者中，293人[72.2%（95.0%：置信区间：67.2 - 76.8）]的新冠疫苗接种接受度得分高于平均水平。健康信念模型解释了近46.3%（调整后 = 0.463）的新冠疫苗接种意愿差异。学习年份（β = 0.288；95%置信区间：0.144 - 0.056）、使用社交媒体（β = 0.58；95%置信区间：1.546 - 2.804）、现有慢性病（β = 0.12；95%置信区间：0.042 - 0.433）、感知总体健康状况（β = 0.117；95%置信区间：0.307 - 0.091）、感知易感性（β = 0.58；95%置信区间：1.546 - 2.804）、感知益处（β = 0.338；95%置信区间：1.578 - 2.863）和行动线索（β = 0.49；95%置信区间：0.388 - 0.99）在p值<0.05时与预期的新冠疫苗接种接受度显著相关。
结论
大约四分之三的参与者新冠疫苗接种接受度得分高于平均水平，与资源有限环境中的先前报告相比更高。本研究环境中的干预措施应包括强调感染新冠病毒的风险、增强新冠疫苗接种的感知益处以及通过倡导新冠疫苗接种来改善行动线索。我们的研究结果还表明，社交媒体健康宣传活动是本研究环境中新冠疫苗接种行为改变的一个重要因素。
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