Li Xuying, Wang Lixiang, Zhang Li, Tang Fei, Wei Xin
Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Department of Ophthalmology, ShangjinNanfu Hospital, Chengdu, China.
Front Oncol. 2021 Feb 1;10:617868. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.617868. eCollection 2020.
Choroidal melanomas are the most common ocular malignant tumors worldwide. The onset of such tumors is insidious, such that affected patients often have no pain or obvious discomfort during early stages. Notably, enucleation is required for patients with a severe choroidal melanoma, which can seriously impact their quality of life. Moreover, choroidal melanomas metastasize early, often to the liver; this eventually causes affected patients to die of liver failure. Therefore, early diagnosis of choroidal melanomas is extremely important. Unfortunately, an early choroidal melanoma is easily confused with a choroidal nevus, which is the most common benign tumor of the eye and does not often require surgical treatment. This review discusses recent advances in the use of multimodal and molecular imaging to identify choroidal melanomas and choroidal nevi, detect early metastasis, and diagnose patients with choroidal melanomas.
脉络膜黑色素瘤是全球最常见的眼部恶性肿瘤。此类肿瘤起病隐匿，以至于患病患者在早期通常没有疼痛或明显不适。值得注意的是，患有严重脉络膜黑色素瘤的患者需要进行眼球摘除术，这会严重影响他们的生活质量。此外，脉络膜黑色素瘤早期就会发生转移，通常转移至肝脏；这最终会导致患病患者死于肝功能衰竭。因此，脉络膜黑色素瘤的早期诊断极其重要。不幸的是，早期脉络膜黑色素瘤很容易与脉络膜痣相混淆，脉络膜痣是最常见的眼部良性肿瘤，通常不需要手术治疗。本综述讨论了在使用多模态和分子成像识别脉络膜黑色素瘤和脉络膜痣、检测早期转移以及诊断脉络膜黑色素瘤患者方面的最新进展。
