Solnik Małgorzata, Paduszyńska Natalia, Czarnecka Anna M, Synoradzki Kamil J, Yousef Yacoub A, Chorągiewicz Tomasz, Rejdak Robert, Toro Mario Damiano, Zweifel Sandrine, Dyndor Katarzyna, Fiedorowicz Michał
Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 5 Roentgen Str., 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Jun 27;14(13):3147. doi: 10.3390/cancers14133147.
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, characterized by an insidious onset and poor prognosis strongly associated with tumor size and the presence of distant metastases, most commonly in the liver. Contrary to most tumor identification, a biopsy followed by a pathological exam is used only in certain cases. Therefore, an early and noninvasive diagnosis is essential to enhance patients' chances for early treatment. We reviewed imaging modalities currently used in the diagnostics of uveal melanoma, including fundus imaging, ultrasonography (US), optical coherence tomography (OCT), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), as well as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The principle of imaging techniques is briefly explained, along with their role in the diagnostic process and a summary of their advantages and limitations. Further, the experimental data and the advancements in imaging modalities are explained. We describe UM imaging innovations, show their current usage and development, and explain the possibilities of utilizing such modalities to diagnose uveal melanoma in the future.
葡萄膜黑色素瘤是成人最常见的原发性眼内恶性肿瘤，其特点是起病隐匿，预后较差，这与肿瘤大小及远处转移的存在密切相关，最常见的远处转移部位是肝脏。与大多数肿瘤的诊断不同，仅在某些情况下才进行活检及病理检查。因此，早期无创诊断对于提高患者早期治疗的机会至关重要。我们回顾了目前用于葡萄膜黑色素瘤诊断的成像方式，包括眼底成像、超声检查（US）、光学相干断层扫描（OCT）、单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）、眼底荧光血管造影（FFA）、吲哚菁绿血管造影（ICGA）、眼底自发荧光（FAF），以及正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描（PET/CT）或磁共振成像（MRI）。简要解释了成像技术的原理，以及它们在诊断过程中的作用，并总结了其优缺点。此外，还阐述了成像方式的实验数据和进展。我们描述了葡萄膜黑色素瘤成像方面的创新，展示了其当前的应用和发展情况，并解释了未来利用这些方式诊断葡萄膜黑色素瘤的可能性。
