Dietary protein content and digestibility influences discrimination of amino acid nitrogen isotope values in a terrestrial omnivorous mammal.

RATIONALE

Ecologists increasingly determine the δ N values of amino acids (AA) in animal tissue; "source" AA typically exhibit minor variation between diet and consumer, while "trophic" AA have increased δ N values in consumers. Thus, trophic-source δ N offsets (i.e., Δ N ) reflect trophic position in a food web. However, even minor variations in δ N values may influence the magnitude of offset that represents a trophic step, known as the trophic discrimination factor (i.e., TDF ). Diet digestibility and protein content can influence the δ N values of bulk animal tissue, but the effects of these factors on AA Δ N and TDF in mammals are unknown.

METHODS

We fed captive mice (Mus musculus) either (A) a low-fat, high-fiber diet with low, intermediate, or high protein; or (B) a high-fat, low-fiber diet with low or intermediate protein. Mouse muscle and dietary protein were analyzed for bulk tissue δ N using elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS), and were also hydrolyzed into free AA that were analyzed for δ N using gas chromatography-combustion-IRMS.

RESULTS

As dietary protein increased, Δ N slightly declined for bulk muscle tissue in both experiments; increased for AA in the low-fat, high-fiber diet (A); and remained the same or decreased for AA in the high-fat, low-fiber diet (B). The effects of dietary protein on Δ N and on TDF varied by AA but were consistent between variables.

CONCLUSIONS

Diets were less digestible and included more protein in Experiment A than in Experiment B. As a result, the mice in Experiment A probably oxidized more AA, resulting in greater Δ N values. However, the similar responses of Δ N and of TDF to diet variation suggest that if diet samples are available, Δ N accurately tracks trophic position. If diet samples are not available, the patterns presented here provide a basis to interpret Δ N values. The trophic-source offset of Pro-Lys did not vary across diets, and therefore may be more reliable for omnivores than other offsets (e.g., Glu-Phe).