Hang Xinxin, He Shiqi, Dong Zaizai, Minnick Grayson, Rosenbohm Jordan, Chen Zhou, Yang Ruiguo, Chang Lingqian
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No.37, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2021 May 1;179:113086. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113086. Epub 2021 Feb 16.
The occurrence and development of many diseases are accompanied and sometimes dictated by the destruction of biomechanical homeostasis. For instance, cancer cells and normal cells show different cellular mechanical forces phenotypes, as the proliferation and invasion ability of cancer cells is often related to the changes in mechanical force in the tumor. With single cell analysis, variations in mechanics within a cell population can be detected and analyzed, opening new dimensions in the study of cancer. Nanosensor design for interrogation of cell mechanics is an interdisciplinary area bridging over cell biology, mechanics, and micro/nanotechnology. In this tutorial review, we give insight into the background and technical innovation of currently available methods for mechanical analysis of cells. First, we discuss the mechanism of mechanical changes in the development and progression of cancer that shows the feasibility of mechanical sensors in cancer cell detection. Next, we summarize the principle, progress, and essential problems of common technologies for cell force measurement, including single molecule force spectroscopy and elastic substrate-sensors. Following that, we discuss novel micro and nano-scale mechanical sensors and their applications in single cell level biological analysis. At last, we elaborate on the remaining issues and trends of the cellular mechanical sensors.
许多疾病的发生和发展伴随着生物力学稳态的破坏，有时甚至由其决定。例如，癌细胞和正常细胞表现出不同的细胞力学力表型，因为癌细胞的增殖和侵袭能力通常与肿瘤中的力学力变化有关。通过单细胞分析，可以检测和分析细胞群体内的力学变化，为癌症研究开辟了新的维度。用于检测细胞力学的纳米传感器设计是一个跨细胞生物学、力学和微/纳米技术的跨学科领域。在本教程综述中，我们深入了解了目前可用的细胞力学分析方法的背景和技术创新。首先，我们讨论癌症发生和发展过程中力学变化的机制，这表明了力学传感器在癌细胞检测中的可行性。接下来，我们总结了细胞力测量常用技术的原理、进展和基本问题，包括单分子力谱和弹性基底传感器。随后，我们讨论新型微纳尺度力学传感器及其在单细胞水平生物分析中的应用。最后，我们阐述了细胞力学传感器的遗留问题和发展趋势。
