Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement of Anhui Province, Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
Hefei City Landscaping Quality Supervision and Management Center, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Feb 27;193(3):151. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-08926-1.
Air and dust borne heavy metals can be deposited and bioaccumulated by plants; therefore, biomonitoring employing plants is an effective tool for environmental impact assessment in urban environments. In this study, in addition to road dust, leaves and bark were collected from four common tree species at roadside and urban park sampling sites within the metropolitan area of Hefei, China. A range of heavy metals were analyzed by ICP-MS and AFS. The metal accumulation index (MAI) was adopted to compare the bioaccumulation capacity. Results showed that Cd was highly enriched in road dust although its abundance was low in comparison with that of other elements. The MAI values presented a narrow range (1.8-2.7); however, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for Al, Cu, Zn, and As among the tree species. Moreover, deciduous Platanus orientalis bioaccumulated more nonessential As than the other species and deserved further risk management. In addition, bark samples from Cinnamomum camphora bioaccumulated more heavy metals than the other species as a result of its morphological and anatomical characteristics. The distribution patterns of heavy metals in tree tissues showed obvious spatial heterogeneity, as impacted by anthropogenic activities to varying degrees. This study examined the biomonitoring potential of roadside trees and the distribution pattern of heavy metals in an urban area under rapid development. Results from the present study could provide baseline data for urban environmental impact assessment and the design of green belts.
空气和尘埃携带的重金属可以被植物沉积和生物累积；因此，利用植物进行生物监测是评估城市环境影响的有效工具。在这项研究中，除了道路灰尘外，还从中国合肥市市区道路和城市公园采样点的四种常见树种的叶片和树皮中采集了样本。采用 ICP-MS 和 AFS 分析了一系列重金属。采用金属积累指数（MAI）来比较生物累积能力。结果表明，尽管 Cd 的丰度与其他元素相比较低，但在道路灰尘中高度富集。MAI 值的范围较窄（1.8-2.7）；然而，在树种之间，Al、Cu、Zn 和 As 的 MAI 值存在显著差异（p<0.05）。此外，落叶的悬铃木比其他树种更容易积累非必需的 As，因此需要进一步的风险管理。此外，由于肉桂的形态和解剖学特征，其树皮样本比其他树种积累了更多的重金属。重金属在树木组织中的分布模式表现出明显的空间异质性，这是由于人为活动的不同程度的影响。本研究考察了快速发展的城市地区路边树木的生物监测潜力和重金属的分布模式。本研究的结果可以为城市环境影响评估和绿化带设计提供基线数据。
