Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital General de Zona N° 83 Morelia, Michoacán, México.
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Michoacán, México.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2021 Feb;43(1):15-32. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2020.1853065. Epub 2020 Dec 1.
: We hypothesized that diabetic patients without mild cognitive impairment would present deficiencies in visuospatial incidental/intentional memory processing and alterations in the underlying EEG alpha, theta and gamma patterns.: Non-diabetic, diabetic-controlled, and diabetic-uncontrolled patients underwent a visuospatial incidental-intentional memory test under simultaneous recording of temporal, parietal, and frontal EEG. The test required patients to solve a maze, with eight objects irrelevant to the task, embedded in it, after an interference instruction, participants were asked to recall the positions of the objects (incidental test). Finally, the participants were explicitly told to study the object positions, and then were asked to recall the objects again (intentional test). Power from baseline, incidental learning, incidental memory, and intentional learning conditions was obtained in alpha, theta, and low-gamma bands. Comparisons were made across groups and conditions for each band, with age, sex, and years from the diagnosis as covariates (ANCOVA with blocking).: Diabetic patients showed spared incidental but deficient intentional visuospatial learning. Uncontrolled patients showed a more profound intentional learning deficit as they scored similar numbers of correct positions under incidental and intentional conditions; whereas, non-diabetic and diabetic-controlled patients increased their number after the intentional study. Non-diabetic participants showed increased power during intentional learning compared with the baseline condition in frontal theta, frontoparietal gamma (Fp2 and P4) and frontal alpha (F4) bands; whereas in diabetic patients the power increased in the theta band, in T5 (uncontrolled) and T5 and F7 (controlled).: Diabetic patients without mild cognitive impairment show deficient intentional visuospatial learning which was worse in uncontrolled patients. Theta and gamma power increased in healthy participants during intentional learning principally in frontal areas. These EEG power changes were absent in diabetic patients. The reduced accuracy of diabetic patients in intentional visuospatial learning was associated with different EEG learning-related patterns.
我们假设没有轻度认知障碍的糖尿病患者在视空间偶然/有意记忆处理方面会出现缺陷，并改变潜在的 EEG 阿尔法、theta 和伽马模式。非糖尿病、糖尿病控制和糖尿病未控制的患者在进行视空间偶然-有意记忆测试时，同时记录颞叶、顶叶和额叶 EEG。测试要求患者在一个迷宫中解决问题，其中有八个与任务无关的物体嵌入其中，在干扰指令后，参与者被要求回忆物体的位置（偶然测试）。最后，参与者被明确告知研究物体的位置，然后再次要求他们回忆物体（有意测试）。在 alpha、theta 和低 gamma 频段，从基线、偶然学习、偶然记忆和有意学习条件中获得功率。在每个频段，对组间和条件间进行比较，并将年龄、性别和诊断后年限作为协变量（带分组的 ANCOVA）。糖尿病患者在视空间偶然学习中表现出保留，但在有意学习中表现出缺陷。未控制的患者表现出更严重的有意学习缺陷，因为他们在偶然和有意条件下的正确位置数量相似；而非糖尿病和糖尿病控制的患者在有意学习后增加了数量。非糖尿病参与者在有意学习期间在前额 theta、额顶 gamma（Fp2 和 P4）和额 alpha（F4）频段显示出比基线条件更高的功率；而在糖尿病患者中，theta 频段的功率增加，在 T5（未控制）和 T5 和 F7（控制）。未患有轻度认知障碍的糖尿病患者表现出有意视空间学习缺陷，未控制的患者更严重。健康参与者在有意学习期间，theta 和 gamma 功率增加，主要在前额区域。这些 EEG 功率变化在糖尿病患者中不存在。糖尿病患者在有意视空间学习中的准确性降低与不同的 EEG 学习相关模式有关。
