Edwards Jonnel J, Amadi Victor A, Soto Esteban, Jay-Russel Michele T, Aminabadi Peiman, Kenelty Kirsten, Charles Kate, Arya Gitanjali, Mistry Ketna, Nicholas Roxanne, Butler Brian P, Marancik David
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies.
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Vet World. 2021 Jan;14(1):222-229. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.222-229. Epub 2021 Jan 25.
causes enteric disease in mammals and may potentially be transmitted from marine turtles that shed the pathogen in the environment. Marine turtle-associated human salmonellosis is a potential public health concern in Grenada, as the island supports populations of leatherback turtles (), hawksbill turtles (), and green turtles () that interface with veterinarians and conservation workers, the local population, and the thousands of visitors that frequent the island yearly. To date, the prevalence of has only been examined in a small subset of marine turtles in the Caribbean and no studies have been conducted in Grenada. The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of in leatherback, hawksbill and green turtles in Grenada, characterize phenotypes and DNA profiles, and explore the potential risk to human health in the region.
A total of 102 cloacal swabs were obtained from nesting leatherback turtles and foraging hawksbill and green turtles. Samples were cultured on enrichment and selective media and isolates were phenotypically characterized using serotyping, pulsed-phase gel electrophoresis, and antibiotic susceptibility. Enrichment broths were additionally screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using -specific primers.
was cultured from 15/57 (26.3%) leatherback turtles, 0/28 hawksbill, and 0/17 green turtles. This included . serovars Montevideo, . I:4,5,12:i:-, Typhimurium, Newport, . I:6,7:-:-, and . I:4,5,12:-:-. Five/15 leatherback turtles carried multiple serovars. Eight pulsotype groups were identified with multiple clustering; however, there was no clear association between pulsotype group and serotype profile. Five/71 isolates showed resistance to streptomycin or ampicillin. Twenty-one/57 leatherback turtles, 14/28 hawksbill turtles, and 8/17 green turtles tested positive for by quantitative PCR.
Nesting leatherback turtles actively shed and poses a risk for zoonosis; however, the presence of viable pathogen in green and hawksbill species is unclear. These findings help elucidate the role of marine turtles as potential sources of zoonotic and provide baseline data for one health research in Grenada and the wider Caribbean region.
可引发哺乳动物肠道疾病，且可能通过在环境中排出病原体的海龟传播。在格林纳达，与海龟相关的人类沙门氏菌病是一个潜在的公共卫生问题，因为该岛有棱皮龟、玳瑁和绿海龟种群，它们与兽医、保护工作者、当地居民以及每年频繁到访该岛的数千名游客有接触。迄今为止，仅在加勒比地区的一小部分海龟中检测过的流行情况，在格林纳达尚未开展相关研究。本研究的目的是量化格林纳达棱皮龟、玳瑁和绿海龟中的流行率，鉴定表型和DNA图谱，并探索该地区对人类健康的潜在风险。
从筑巢的棱皮龟以及觅食的玳瑁和绿海龟中总共采集了102份泄殖腔拭子。样本在增菌和选择性培养基上培养，分离株通过血清分型、脉冲场凝胶电泳和药敏试验进行表型鉴定。增菌肉汤还使用特异性引物通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行筛选。
从15/57（26.3%）的棱皮龟中培养出，玳瑁为0/28，绿海龟为0/17。这包括血清型蒙得维的亚、I:4,5,12:i: -、鼠伤寒、纽波特、I:6,7:-: -和I:4,5,12:-: -。15只棱皮龟中有5只携带多种血清型。鉴定出8个脉冲型组且有多个聚类；然而，脉冲型组与血清型图谱之间没有明显关联。71株分离株中有5株对链霉素或氨苄西林耐药。通过定量PCR检测，21/57的棱皮龟、14/28的玳瑁和8/17的绿海龟呈阳性。
筑巢的棱皮龟会主动排出，存在人畜共患病风险；然而，绿海龟和玳瑁物种中是否存在活病原体尚不清楚。这些发现有助于阐明海龟作为人畜共患潜在来源的作用，并为格林纳达及更广泛的加勒比地区的“同一健康”研究提供基线数据。
